---
title: jump — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jump» in the school dictionary: To jump is to push yourself up or forward into the air with your legs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jump

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, jump, frog, mouse, She, grasshopper · **What happens:** jump, be, do, make, not jump, read · **To what, where:** air, one push, 39 inches, 9 inches, 20 jumps, rope

<!-- .vabout -->
«jump» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jump in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jump.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To jump is to push yourself up or forward into the air with your legs.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:m1:1
# text = To jump is to push yourself up or forward into the air with your legs.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the air with your legs |  | push *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To jump is to move suddenly because you are surprised or scared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:m2:1
# text = To jump is to move suddenly because you are surprised or scared.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | move, suddenly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | surprised *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To jump is to rise suddenly, like a price or a number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:m3:1
# text = To jump is to rise suddenly, like a price or a number.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	jump	jump	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | like a price or a number; rise, suddenly *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jump is one push into the air, or the distance of it.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:m4:1
# text = A jump is one push into the air, or the distance of it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jump	jump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jump | one push or the distance of distance |  | the air |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frog jumped 39 inches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x1:1
# text = The frog jumped 39 inches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	39	39	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	inches	inch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | the frog | 39 inches |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme inch=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mouse jumped 9 inches less than the frog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x2:1
# text = The mouse jumped 9 inches less than the frog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	inches	inch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obl	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | the mouse | 9 inches |  |  |  | less *obl* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme inch=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She did 20 jumps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x3:1
# text = She did 20 jumps.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	jumps	jump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | She | 20 jumps |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jump=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How far did the grasshopper jump?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x4:1
# text = How far did the grasshopper jump?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grasshopper	grasshopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past · do-support | the grasshopper |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We jump rope at recess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x5:1
# text = We jump rope at recess.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	jump	jump	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	recess	recess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | present | We | rope |  | recess |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent rope=Theme at recess=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loud bang made me jump.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x6:1
# text = The loud bang made me jump.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bang	bang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the loud bang | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **jump** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the number line, make jumps of 5 from 0 to 30.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x7:1
# text = On the number line, make jumps of 5 from 0 to 30.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	jumps	jump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | jumps of 5 |  | the number line |  | from 0 to 30 | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset jump=Product from 0=Material |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The price of apples jumped last week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x8:1
# text = The price of apples jumped last week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | the price of apples |  |  |  | week |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse jumped over the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x9:1
# text = The horse jumped over the fence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | the horse |  |  | the fence |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over fence=Trajectory |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't jump to conclusions before you read the whole story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x10:1
# text = Don't jump to conclusions before you read the whole story.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	jump	jump	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **jump** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to conclusions *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to conclusion=Result |
| 2 | **read** | present | you | the whole story |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Perhaps he could jump over it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jump:x11:1
# text = Perhaps he could jump over it.
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | could | he |  |  | it |  | perhaps *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over it=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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