---
title: jumper — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jumper» in the school dictionary: In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a jumper is a warm knitted top with long sleeves that you pull over your head (in the US: a sweater). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jumper

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jumper, long sleeves, person, you, school jumper, Grandma · **What happens:** knit, be, pull, wear, jump, put · **To what, where:** warm knitted top, head, sleeveless dress, blouse, person, jumper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jumper» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jumper in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jumper.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a jumper is a warm knitted top with long sleeves that you pull over your head (in the US: a sweater).

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:m1:1
# text = In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a jumper is a warm knitted top with long sleeves that you pull over your head (in the US: a sweater).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
10	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	knitted	knit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	sleeves	sleeve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
23	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	pull	pull	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	over	over	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	sweater	sweater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a jumper | a warm knitted top |  |  |  | with long sleeves | tree rules |
| 3 | **pull** | present | long sleeves |  |  | your head |  | in the US | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the US, a jumper is a sleeveless dress worn over a blouse (UK: pinafore).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:m2:1
# text = In the US, a jumper is a sleeveless dress worn over a blouse (UK: pinafore).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sleeveless	sleeveless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	blouse	blouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	pinafore	pinafore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jumper | a sleeveless dress |  |  |  | in the US | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  | a sleeveless dress *not said here* |  | a blouse |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jumper is a person or animal that jumps, like a high jumper.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:m3:1
# text = A jumper is a person or animal that jumps, like a high jumper.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	jumps	jump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jumper | a person or animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **jump** | present | a person or animal |  |  |  |  | like a high jumper | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your jumper on — it's cold outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x1:1
# text = Put your jumper on — it's cold outside.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	_
9	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your jumper |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent jumper=Goal |
| 2 | **is** | present | jumper |  |  |  |  | cold, outside *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My school jumper is navy blue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x2:1
# text = My school jumper is navy blue.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	navy	navy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My school jumper |  |  |  |  | blue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma knitted me a woolly jumper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x3:1
# text = Grandma knitted me a woolly jumper.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knitted	knit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knit** | past | Grandma | a woolly jumper | me |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP PP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary jumper=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wore silly Christmas jumpers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x4:1
# text = We wore silly Christmas jumpers.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	jumpers	jumper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | We | silly Christmas jumpers |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent jumper=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is the best high jumper in our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x5:1
# text = He is the best high jumper in our school.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | the best high jumper |  | our school |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kangaroos are amazing jumpers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x6:1
# text = Kangaroos are amazing jumpers.
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	jumpers	jumper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kangaroos | amazing jumpers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In America, a jumper is a kind of dress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x7:1
# text = In America, a jumper is a kind of dress.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jumper | a kind |  | America |  | of dress | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your name in your jumper so it doesn't get lost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x8:1
# text = Write your name in your jumper so it doesn't get lost.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	get	get	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your name |  | your jumper |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in jumper=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **lose** | present · passive · do-support |  | name |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three famous jumpers were they, as everyone would say, when they all met together in the room.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumper:x9:1
# text = Three famous jumpers were they, as everyone would say, when they all met together in the room.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	jumpers	jumper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	nsubj	_	_
15	met	meet	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Three famous jumpers | jumpers *= jumper* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | would | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **meet** | participle | jumpers *= jumper* |  |  | the room |  | together *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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