---
title: jumpy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jumpy» in the school dictionary: Nervous and easily frightened or startled. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jumpy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** everyone, cat, I, video, internet, horse · **What happens:** frighten, startle, move, go up, be, feel · **To what, where:** sudden jerks, horse, temperature, strange noise · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jumpy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jumpy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jumpy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nervous and easily frightened or startled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:m1:1
# text = Nervous and easily frightened or startled.
1	Nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	startled	startle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frighten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **startle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moving in sudden jerks; not smooth (a jumpy video).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:m2:1
# text = Moving in sudden jerks; not smooth (a jumpy video).
1	Moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	jerks	jerk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  | sudden jerks |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in jerk=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Going up and down quickly and unpredictably, like prices.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:m3:1
# text = Going up and down quickly and unpredictably, like prices.
1	Going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	unpredictably	unpredictably	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like prices; quickly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the ghost story, everyone was a bit jumpy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:x1:1
# text = After the ghost story, everyone was a bit jumpy.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | everyone |  |  |  | after the ghost story | a bit *obl:unmarked*; jumpy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat is jumpy during fireworks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:x2:1
# text = The cat is jumpy during fireworks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the cat |  |  |  | during fireworks | jumpy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I always feel jumpy before a big test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:x3:1
# text = I always feel jumpy before a big test.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | I |  |  |  | before a big test | always, jumpy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The video was jumpy because the internet was slow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:x4:1
# text = The video was jumpy because the internet was slow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the video |  |  |  |  | jumpy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the internet |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse was jumpy, so we spoke to it softly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:x5:1
# text = The horse was jumpy, so we spoke to it softly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the horse |  |  |  |  | jumpy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | we |  | horse |  |  | softly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to it=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The graph of the temperature looked jumpy because it changed every hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:x6:1
# text = The graph of the temperature looked jumpy because it changed every hour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the graph of the temperature |  |  |  |  | jumpy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **change** | past | graph |  |  |  | hour |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **graph** |  |  | the temperature |  |  |  |  | nom graph «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad gets jumpy when the car makes a strange noise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jumpy:x7:1
# text = Dad gets jumpy when the car makes a strange noise.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	jumpy	jumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  | jumpy *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | present | the car | a strange noise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material noise=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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