---
title: jury — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jury» in the school dictionary: A group of ordinary people (often twelve) who listen to a trial in court and decide if someone is guilty or not. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jury

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ordinary people, someone, people, jury, man, Twelve people · **What happens:** listen, decide, be, judge, choose, not be · **To what, where:** court, competition, winner, jury, mum, art competition · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jury» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jury in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jury.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group of ordinary people (often twelve) who listen to a trial in court and decide if someone is guilty or not.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:m1:1
# text = A group of ordinary people (often twelve) who listen to a trial in court and decide if someone is guilty or not.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	listen	listen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	decide	decide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	ccomp	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | ordinary people |  |  | court |  | to a trial | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to trial=Theme |
| 2 | **decide** | present | ordinary people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group of people who judge a competition and choose the winner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:m2:1
# text = A group of people who judge a competition and choose the winner.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	judge	judge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	winner	winner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | present | people | a competition |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent competition=Value |
| 2 | **choose** | infinitive | people *not said here* | the winner |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent winner=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jury decided the man was not guilty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:x1:1
# text = The jury decided the man was not guilty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | past | the jury |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | the man |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Twelve people sat on the jury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:x2:1
# text = Twelve people sat on the jury.
1	Twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Twelve people |  |  | the jury |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on jury=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mum was called for jury duty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:x3:1
# text = My mum was called for jury duty.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | My mum |  |  |  | for jury duty | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for duty=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jury of teachers judged the art competition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:x4:1
# text = A jury of teachers judged the art competition.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	judged	judge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | past | a jury of teachers | the art competition |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent competition=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jury is still out on whether the new game is any good (idiom).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:x5:1
# text = The jury is still out on whether the new game is any good (idiom).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
5	out	out	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
7	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	idiom	idiom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the jury |  |  |  | still | good, out *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge thanked the jury for their hard work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jury:x6:1
# text = The judge thanked the jury for their hard work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thanked	thank	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | past | the judge | the jury |  |  |  | for their hard work | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent jury=Theme for work=Attribute |
| 2 | **work** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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