---
title: justified — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «justified» in the school dictionary: Fair and having a good reason. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# justified

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** complaint, Your, She, text, He, his · **What happens:** have, line up, be, give, break, complain · **To what, where:** good reason, toy, teacher, red card, answer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«justified» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [justified in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/justified.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fair and having a good reason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:m1:1
# text = Fair and having a good reason.
1	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a good reason |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: text — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lined up so that both the left and right edges of the lines are straight.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:m2:1
# text = Lined up so that both the left and right edges of the lines are straight.
1	Lined	line	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	10	case	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc:preconj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | so the left edges of the lines | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | straight *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, past — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gave a good reason for something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:m3:1
# text = Gave a good reason for something.
1	Gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past |  | a good reason |  |  |  | for something | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for something=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your complaint is justified — the toy was broken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:x1:1
# text = Your complaint is justified — the toy was broken.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	complaint	complaint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	justified	justified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your complaint |  |  |  |  | justified *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | past · passive |  | the toy |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **complain** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom complaint «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She felt justified in telling the teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:x2:1
# text = She felt justified in telling the teacher.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	justified	justified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | She |  |  |  |  | justified *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | She *not said here* |  | the teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Was the red card justified?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:x3:1
# text = Was the red card justified?
1	Was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	csubj	_	_
5	justified	justify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | the red card |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **justify** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In newspapers, text is often justified.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:x4:1
# text = In newspapers, text is often justified.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	justified	justified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | newspapers's text |  |  |  |  | justified, often *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He justified his answer with a diagram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:x5:1
# text = He justified his answer with a diagram.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	justified	justify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **justify** *speech: other* | past | He | his answer |  |  |  | with a diagram | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic |
| 2 | **answer** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their worry was justified when the storm came.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:justified:x6:1
# text = Their worry was justified when the storm came.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	worry	worry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	justified	justified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Their worry |  |  |  |  | justified *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the storm |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **worry** |  | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom worry «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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