---
title: kaiser — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kaiser» in the school dictionary: The title of the emperor of Germany from 1871 to 1918, and earlier of the emperors of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/kaiser/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [K](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/) / kaiser

# kaiser

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kaiser, word, British soldiers, songs, Grandpa, tsar · **What happens:** title, mean, rule, have, curl, end · **To what, where:** emperor, Kaiser, Germany, famous curled moustache, 1918, throne

<!-- .vabout -->
«kaiser» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kaiser in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kaiser.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The title of the emperor of Germany from 1871 to 1918, and earlier of the emperors of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:m1:1
# text = The title of the emperor of Germany from 1871 to 1918, and earlier of the emperors of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1871	1871	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	1918	1918	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	emperors	emperor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Austria	Austria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	Holy	Holy	PROPN	NNP	_	24	compound	_	_
23	Roman	Roman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **title** |  |  | the emperor of Germany |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: the Kaiser — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Usually means Kaiser Wilhelm II, the German emperor during the First World War.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:m2:1
# text = Usually means Kaiser Wilhelm II, the German emperor during the First World War.
1	Usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	Wilhelm	Wilhelm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
5	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
10	during	during	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	First	First	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
13	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | Kaiser |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kaiser=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kaiser roll: a round, crusty bread roll.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:m3:1
# text = A kaiser roll: a round, crusty bread roll.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	kaiser	kaiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
6	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	crusty	crusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kaiser ruled Germany during the First World War.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:x1:1
# text = The Kaiser ruled Germany during the First World War.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	First	First	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
8	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the Kaiser | Germany |  |  | during the First World War |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent germany=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kaiser Wilhelm II had a famous curled moustache.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:x2:1
# text = Kaiser Wilhelm II had a famous curled moustache.
1	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Wilhelm	Wilhelm	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	curled	curl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	moustache	moustache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Kaiser | a famous curled moustache |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moustache=Patient |
| 2 | **curl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the war ended in 1918, the Kaiser gave up his throne.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:x3:1
# text = After the war ended in 1918, the Kaiser gave up his throne.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1918	1918	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past |  |  |  | 1918 | after the war |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **give up** | past | the Kaiser | Kaiser's throne |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throne=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «kaiser» comes from «Caesar».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:x4:1
# text = The word «kaiser» comes from «Caesar».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	kaiser	kaiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word |  |  | Caesar |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from caesar=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
British soldiers sang songs mocking the Kaiser.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:x5:1
# text = British soldiers sang songs mocking the Kaiser.
1	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	mocking	mock	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | British soldiers | songs |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **mock** | gerund | songs *not said here* | the Kaiser |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kaiser=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In New York, Grandpa ate a kaiser roll with cheese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:x6:1
# text = In New York, Grandpa ate a kaiser roll with cheese.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
3	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	kaiser	kaiser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Grandpa | a kaiser roll |  | New York |  | with cheese | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roll=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tsar of Russia and the Kaiser of Germany were cousins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kaiser:x7:1
# text = The tsar of Russia and the Kaiser of Germany were cousins.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Kaiser	Kaiser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	cousins	cousin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the tsar of Russia and the Kaiser of Germany | cousins |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [kaftan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/kaftan/)
- next →: [kale](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/kale/)
- ↑ back to [K in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/)