---
title: keel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «keel» in the school dictionary: A keel is the long piece along the bottom of a boat that keeps it steady in the water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# keel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** keel, boat, He, Things, Sailing boats, they · **What happens:** be, keep, keel over, faint, mean, scrape · **To what, where:** long piece, keel, rocks, heat, deep keel, old tree

<!-- .vabout -->
«keel» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [keel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/keel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A keel is the long piece along the bottom of a boat that keeps it steady in the water.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:m1:1
# text = A keel is the long piece along the bottom of a boat that keeps it steady in the water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	keel	keel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	along	along	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a keel | the long piece |  |  |  | along the bottom of a boat | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | a boat | keel |  |  |  | steady *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keel over (informal) is to fall over suddenly, especially when fainting.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:m2:1
# text = To keel over (informal) is to fall over suddenly, especially when fainting.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keel	keel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	over	over	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	fall	fall	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	over	over	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
15	fainting	faint	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keel over** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fall, suddenly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **faint** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn change\_bodily\_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«On an even keel» means calm and steady.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:m3:1
# text = «On an even keel» means calm and steady.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	On	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	keel	keel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a keel |  |  |  |  | calm *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boat's keel scraped on the rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:x1:1
# text = The boat's keel scraped on the rocks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	keel	keel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	scraped	scrape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scrape** | participle |  | the boat's keel *not said here* |  | the rocks |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He keeled over in the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:x2:1
# text = He keeled over in the heat.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeled	keel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keel over** | past | He |  |  | the heat |  | over *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Things are back on an even keel now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:x3:1
# text = Things are back on an even keel now.
1	Things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	keel	keel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Things |  |  |  |  | back *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keel** | infinitive | Things *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sailing boats need a deep keel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:x4:1
# text = Sailing boats need a deep keel.
1	Sailing	sail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	keel	keel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **need** | present | Sailing boats | a deep keel |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot keel=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship's keel was laid first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:x5:1
# text = The ship's keel was laid first.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	keel	keel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past · passive |  | the ship's keel |  |  |  | first *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old tree keeled over in the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:x6:1
# text = The old tree keeled over in the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	keeled	keel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keel over** | participle |  | the old tree *not said here* |  | the storm |  | over *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then they set to work and built a long ship, and its keel they made of the rowan tree.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keel:x7:1
# text = Then they set to work and built a long ship, and its keel they made of the rowan tree.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	keel	keel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	rowan	rowan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | they |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **build** | past | they *not said here* | a long ship |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ship=Product |
| 4 | **make** | past | ship's keel |  |  |  |  | of the rowan tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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