---
title: keep — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «keep» in the school dictionary: To keep something is to go on having it and not give it away. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# keep

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Food, UK, you, Exams, Sam, Anna · **What happens:** keep, be, have, not give away, do, not be · **To what, where:** something, it, place, promise, someone, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«keep» in the school dictionary: its 10 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [keep in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/keep.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep something is to go on having it and not give it away.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m1:1
# text = To keep something is to go on having it and not give it away.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | go *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **give away** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | away *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep doing something is to go on doing it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m2:1
# text = To keep doing something is to go on doing it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | go *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep something in a place is to store it there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m3:1
# text = To keep something in a place is to store it there.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	store	store	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | something |  | a place |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent something=Theme in place=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | there |  | store *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep a promise or a secret is to not break it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m4:1
# text = To keep a promise or a secret is to not break it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	break	break	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | a promise or a secret |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | break *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep someone or something safe, warm or clean is to make it stay that way.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m5:1
# text = To keep someone or something safe, warm or clean is to make it stay that way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stay** | infinitive |  | that way |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food that keeps stays good to eat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m6:1
# text = Food that keeps stays good to eat.
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Food |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stay** | present | Food |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** | to-infinitive | Food *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«For keeps» means forever; «keep it real» means be honest; «keep your hair on» (UK) means calm down.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m7:1
# text = «For keeps» means forever; «keep it real» means be honest; «keep your hair on» (UK) means calm down.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	csubj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
15	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
19	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	_
26	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
27	calm	calm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	_
28	down	down	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | forever *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **keep** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | real *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** *not said to happen* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **keep on** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your hair |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Theme |
| 7 | **mean** | present | UK |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 8 | **calm down** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Keep your nose out», «keep your hands off my stuff» are blunt warnings.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m8:1
# text = «Keep your nose out», «keep your hands off my stuff» are blunt warnings.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	off	off	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	stuff	stuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	blunt	blunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	warnings	warning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep out** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | your nose |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  | off my stuff | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | blunt warnings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 9 {#m9}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «retain», «preserve», «maintain», «hold in reserve» or «remain in the possession of».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m9:1
# text = Exams say «retain», «preserve», «maintain», «hold in reserve» or «remain in the possession of».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	retain	retain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	preserve	preserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	maintain	maintain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **retain** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | preserve |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **maintain** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hold** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | reserve |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reserve=Location |
| 5 | **remain** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | the possession |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in possession=Location |

## Meaning 10 {#m10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep watch means to stay awake and alert, looking out for danger.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:m10:1
# text = To keep watch means to stay awake and alert, looking out for danger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	alert	alert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | watch |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent watch=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **look out** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for danger | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for danger=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam keeps 3 stamps and gives the rest to Mia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x1:1
# text = Sam keeps 3 stamps and gives the rest to Mia.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stamps	stamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Sam | 3 stamps |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | Sam *not said here* | the rest | Mia |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rest=Theme to mia=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Anna kept 5 of her 12 cookies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x2:1
# text = Anna kept 5 of her 12 cookies.
1	Anna	Anna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Anna | 5 of Anna's 12 cookies |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben keeps his marbles in 4 jars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x3:1
# text = Ben keeps his marbles in 4 jars.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Ben | Ben's marbles |  | 4 jars |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent marble=Theme in jar=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the change!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x4:1
# text = Keep the change!
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the change |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent change=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep going, you're nearly there!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x5:1
# text = Keep going, you're nearly there!
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | nearly, there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep away from the edge of the cliff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x6:1
# text = Keep away from the edge of the cliff.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep away** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the edge of the cliff |  | away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from edge=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear a hat to keep warm in the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x7:1
# text = Wear a hat to keep warm in the snow.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | a hat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  | the snow |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in snow=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can I keep it? For keeps?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Can I keep it?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x8:1
# text = Can I keep it?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | can | I | it |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* For keeps?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x8:2
# text = For keeps?
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your mitts off my chips, I've only got 6 left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x9:1
# text = Keep your mitts off my chips, I've only got 6 left.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mitts	mitt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	chips	chip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	parataxis	_	_
12	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | your mitts |  |  |  | off my chips | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mitt=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present · perfect | I | 6 left |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer left=Stimulus |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep ya hair on, I'll give you 2.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x10:1
# text = Keep ya hair on, I'll give you 2.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	ya	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep on** | imperative | you *not said here* | ya |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent you=Theme hair=Attribute |
| 2 | **give** | future | I | 2 | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient 2=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of 12 cookies, the subject retains 5 and transfers the remainder. Ascertain the number transferred.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Of 12 cookies, the subject retains 5 and transfers the remainder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x11:1
# text = Of 12 cookies, the subject retains 5 and transfers the remainder.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	retains	retain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	transfers	transfer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	remainder	remainder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | present | the subject | 5 |  |  |  | of 12 cookies | tree rules |
| 2 | **transfer** | present | the subject *not said here* | the remainder |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent remainder=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the number transferred.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x11:2
# text = Ascertain the number transferred.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	transferred	transfer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the number |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic |
| 2 | **transfer** | participle |  | the number *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk keeps for about a week in the fridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x12:1
# text = Milk keeps for about a week in the fridge.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Milk |  |  | the fridge | week |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in fridge=Location |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To-night we'll both keep watch together."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:keep:x13:1
# text = To-night we'll both keep watch together."
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	both	both	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | future | we | watch |  |  | night | both, together *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent watch=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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