---
title: kerosene — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kerosene» in the school dictionary: Kerosene is a thin, clear oil made from petroleum that is burned as fuel in lamps, heaters, stoves and jet engines. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/kerosene/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [K](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/) / kerosene

# kerosene

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kerosene, people, Jet planes, kerosene stove, you, child · **What happens:** be, make, burn, call, read, heat · **To what, where:** thin clear oil, petroleum, lamps, usual name, Kerosene, UK · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kerosene» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kerosene in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kerosene.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kerosene is a thin, clear oil made from petroleum that is burned as fuel in lamps, heaters, stoves and jet engines.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:m1:1
# text = Kerosene is a thin, clear oil made from petroleum that is burned as fuel in lamps, heaters, stoves and jet engines.
1	Kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	heaters	heater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	stoves	stove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kerosene | a thin clear oil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a thin clear oil *not said here* |  | petroleum |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from petroleum=Material |
| 3 | **burn** | present · passive |  | petroleum |  | lamps and heaters and stoves and jet engines |  | as fuel | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Australia, USA, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kerosene is the usual name for paraffin oil; in the UK it is often called paraffin.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:m2:1
# text = Kerosene is the usual name for paraffin oil; in the UK it is often called paraffin.
1	Kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	paraffin	paraffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
17	paraffin	paraffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kerosene | the usual name |  |  |  | for paraffin oil | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | Kerosene |  | the UK |  | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before electricity, people read by kerosene lamps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:x1:1
# text = Before electricity, people read by kerosene lamps.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | people |  |  |  | before electricity | by kerosene lamps | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jet planes burn a fuel made mainly of kerosene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:x2:1
# text = Jet planes burn a fuel made mainly of kerosene.
1	Jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	burn	burn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present | Jet planes | a fuel |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a fuel *not said here* |  |  |  | of kerosene; mainly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cabin was heated by a kerosene stove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:x3:1
# text = The cabin was heated by a kerosene stove.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cabin	cabin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | past · passive | a kerosene stove | the cabin |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kerosene is flammable, so keep it away from flames.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:x4:1
# text = Kerosene is flammable, so keep it away from flames.
1	Kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	flammable	flammable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Kerosene |  |  |  |  | flammable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep away** | infinitive | Kerosene *not said here* | Kerosene |  | flames |  | away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer it=Beneficiary from flame=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never drink kerosene; call for help at once if a child swallows some.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:x5:1
# text = Never drink kerosene; call for help at once if a child swallows some.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	obl	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	swallows	swallow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **drink** | imperative | you *not said here* | kerosene |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kerosene=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for help | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at once=Stimulus |
| 3 | **swallow** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a child | some |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK, kerosene is often called paraffin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:x6:1
# text = In the UK, kerosene is often called paraffin.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	paraffin	paraffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | kerosene |  | the UK |  | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At nightfall he ran into Teddy’s nursery to watch how kerosene lamps were lighted, and when Teddy went to bed Rikki-tikki climbed up too.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kerosene:x7:1
# text = At nightfall he ran into Teddy’s nursery to watch how kerosene lamps were lighted, and when Teddy went to bed Rikki-tikki climbed up too.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	nightfall	nightfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Teddy	Teddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’s	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	nursery	nursery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
12	kerosene	kerosene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	lighted	light	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
19	Teddy	Teddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	Rikki	Rikki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	tikki	tikki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	too	too	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | he |  |  | nightfall |  | into Teddy's nursery *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into nursery=Result |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **light** | past · passive |  | kerosene lamps |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 4 | **go** | past | Teddy |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **climb up** | past | Rikki tikki |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [kernel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/kernel/)
- next →: [kestrel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/kestrel/)
- ↑ back to [K in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/K/)