---
title: khmer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «khmer» in the school dictionary: The main people of Cambodia in South-East Asia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# khmer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old empire, cruel government, Most people, Khmer Empire, Khmer script, family · **What happens:** do, build, rule, kill, speak, have · **To what, where:** Angkor Wat, Cambodia, 1975, many people, Khmer, Angkor · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«khmer» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [khmer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/khmer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The main people of Cambodia in South-East Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:m1:1
# text = The main people of Cambodia in South-East Asia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Cambodia	Cambodia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The language of Cambodia, with its own alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:m2:1
# text = The language of Cambodia, with its own alphabet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Cambodia	Cambodia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with the Khmer people, their language or their old empire, which built Angkor Wat.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:m3:1
# text = To do with the Khmer people, their language or their old empire, which built Angkor Wat.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	Angkor	Angkor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Wat	Wat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the Khmer people | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **build** | past | language's old empire | Angkor Wat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wat=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Khmer Rouge: a cruel government that ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979 and killed very many people.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:m4:1
# text = The Khmer Rouge: a cruel government that ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979 and killed very many people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Rouge	rouge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	Cambodia	Cambodia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1975	1975	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1979	1979	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | a cruel government | Cambodia |  | 1975 to 1979 |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent cambodia=Result |
| 2 | **kill** | past | a cruel government *not said here* | many people |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most people in Cambodia speak Khmer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:x1:1
# text = Most people in Cambodia speak Khmer.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Cambodia	Cambodia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Most people in Cambodia | Khmer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Angkor Wat was built by the Khmer Empire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:x2:1
# text = Angkor Wat was built by the Khmer Empire.
1	Angkor	Angkor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Wat	Wat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive | the Khmer Empire | Angkor |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Khmer script has curly letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:x3:1
# text = Khmer script has curly letters.
1	Khmer	khmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Khmer script | curly letters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My classmate's family is Khmer and they celebrate Khmer New Year in April.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:x4:1
# text = My classmate's family is Khmer and they celebrate Khmer New Year in April.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	classmate	classmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	April	April	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My classmate's family | Khmer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **celebrate** | present | they | Khmer New Year |  |  |  | in April | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent year=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Khmer Rouge caused terrible suffering in the 1970s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:x5:1
# text = The Khmer Rouge caused terrible suffering in the 1970s.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Rouge	Rouge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	1970s	1970s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the Khmer Rouge | terrible suffering |  | the 1970s |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition suffering=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tasted Khmer food at the festival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:khmer:x6:1
# text = We tasted Khmer food at the festival.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tasted	taste	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Khmer	Khmer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | past | We | Khmer food |  | the festival |  |  | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme at festival=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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