---
title: kick — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kick» in the school dictionary: To hit something with your foot. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kick

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** babies, horses, you, I, match, He · **What happens:** hit, move, kick, kick off, start, get · **To what, where:** something, legs, football match, anything, kick, ball

<!-- .vabout -->
«kick» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kick in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kick.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hit something with your foot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:m1:1
# text = To hit something with your foot.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | with your foot | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent something=Patient with foot=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a person or animal: to move the legs strongly: babies kick, horses kick.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:m2:1
# text = Of a person or animal: to move the legs strongly: babies kick, horses kick.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	kick	kick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	kick	kick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  | the legs |  |  |  | of a person or animal; strongly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent leg=Theme of person=Trajectory |
| 2 | **kick** | present | babies |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **kick** | present | horses |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A noun: a hit with the foot: a free kick, a penalty kick.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:m3:1
# text = A noun: a hit with the foot: a free kick, a penalty kick.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hit	hit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	kick	kick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	kick	kick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kick off: to start a football match, or to start anything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:m4:1
# text = Kick off: to start a football match, or to start anything.
1	Kick	kick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
13	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick off** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive |  | a football match |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality |
| 3 | **start** | to-infinitive |  | anything |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informal: a feeling of fun or excitement: «I get a kick out of it».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:m5:1
# text = Informal: a feeling of fun or excitement: «I get a kick out of it».
1	Informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	kick	kick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** *in a quote* | present | I | a kick |  | kick |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kick=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kick the ball to me!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x1:1
# text = Kick the ball to me!
1	Kick	kick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick** | imperative | you *not said here* | the ball | me |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent ball=Patient to i=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The match kicks off at three.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x2:1
# text = The match kicks off at three.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kicks	kick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick off** | present | the match |  |  |  |  | at three | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at three=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He scored with a free kick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x3:1
# text = He scored with a free kick.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kick	kick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | He |  |  |  |  | with a free kick | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't stand behind a horse — it might kick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x4:1
# text = Don't stand behind a horse — it might kick.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	kick	kick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stand** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | behind a horse | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind horse=Location |
| 2 | **kick** | might | horse |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kick your legs when you swim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x5:1
# text = Kick your legs when you swim.
1	Kick	kick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick** | imperative | you *not said here* | your legs |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |
| 2 | **swim** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's not okay to kick people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x6:1
# text = It's not okay to kick people.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	okay	okay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	kick	kick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | okay *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **kick** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby kicked its feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x7:1
# text = The baby kicked its feet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kicked	kick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick** | past | the baby | baby's feet |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She kicked up a fuss about her dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x8:1
# text = She kicked up a fuss about her dinner.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kicked	kick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fuss	fuss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick up** | past | She | a fuss |  |  |  | about her dinner | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent fuss=Patient about dinner=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It made Peter kick instead of stab.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kick:x9:1
# text = It made Peter kick instead of stab.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Peter	Peter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	kick	kick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	stab	stab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | It | Peter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **kick** | infinitive | Peter *not said here* |  |  |  |  | instead stab | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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