---
title: kidney — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kidney» in the school dictionary: Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs in your lower back that clean your blood by removing waste and extra water, which leaves the body as urine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kidney

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kidneys, that, extra water, Kidney, Most people, you · **What happens:** shape, be, clean, remove, leave, use · **To what, where:** two shaped organs, lower back, blood, waste, body, kidneys

<!-- .vabout -->
«kidney» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kidney in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kidney.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs in your lower back that clean your blood by removing waste and extra water, which leaves the body as urine.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:m1:1
# text = Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs in your lower back that clean your blood by removing waste and extra water, which leaves the body as urine.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
5	bean	bean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	organs	organ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	clean	clean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	removing	remove	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
19	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	urine	urine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Your kidneys | two shaped organs |  | your lower back |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **clean** | present | that | your blood |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent blood=Patient |
| 4 | **remove** | gerund | that *not said here* | waste and extra water |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent waste=Theme |
| 5 | **leave** | present | extra water | the body |  |  |  | as urine | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kidney is the kidneys of animals used as food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:m2:1
# text = Kidney is the kidneys of animals used as food.
1	Kidney	kidney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kidney | the kidneys |  |  |  | of animals | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | animals *not said here* |  |  |  | as food | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your kidneys filter waste out of your blood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:x1:1
# text = Your kidneys filter waste out of your blood.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	filter	filter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **filter** | present | Your kidneys | waste |  | your blood |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent waste=Theme out blood=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most people have two kidneys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:x2:1
# text = Most people have two kidneys.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Most people | two kidneys |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kidney=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kidney beans are shaped like kidneys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:x3:1
# text = Kidney beans are shaped like kidneys.
1	Kidney	kidney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | present · passive |  | Kidney beans |  |  |  | like kidneys | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drink plenty of water to help your kidneys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:x4:1
# text = Drink plenty of water to help your kidneys.
1	Drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	plenty	plenty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | imperative | you *not said here* | plenty of water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your kidneys |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kidney=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle gave his sister a kidney to save her life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:x5:1
# text = My uncle gave his sister a kidney to save her life.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kidney	kidney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | My uncle | a kidney | uncle's sister |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent sister=Recipient kidney=Theme |
| 2 | **save** | to-infinitive | My uncle *not said here* | her life |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Steak and kidney pie is a traditional British food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kidney:x6:1
# text = Steak and kidney pie is a traditional British food.
1	Steak	steak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	kidney	kidney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pie	pie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Steak and kidney pie | a traditional British food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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