---
title: kiln — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kiln» in the school dictionary: A very hot oven used for baking (firing) clay pots, bricks or tiles to make them hard, or for drying things like wood or hops. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kiln

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** clay pots, kiln, clay, art teacher, old brick kiln, he · **What happens:** use, make, dry, go, fire, get · **To what, where:** hot oven, tiles, kiln, museum, Bricks, brick kiln

<!-- .vabout -->
«kiln» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kiln in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kiln.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very hot oven used for baking (firing) clay pots, bricks or tiles to make them hard, or for drying things like wood or hops.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:m1:1
# text = A very hot oven used for baking (firing) clay pots, bricks or tiles to make them hard, or for drying things like wood or hops.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	firing	firing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	pots	pot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	tiles	tile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	drying	dry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	amod	_	_
25	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
26	like	like	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	hops	hop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a hot oven *not said here* |  |  |  | for baking and clay pots and bricks or tiles | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | tiles *= tile* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary thing=Product |
| 3 | **dry** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our clay pots went into the kiln to be fired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:x1:1
# text = Our clay pots went into the kiln to be fired.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pots	pot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	fired	fire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Our clay pots |  |  | the kiln |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into kiln=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **fire** | to-infinitive · passive | Our clay pots *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kiln gets much hotter than a kitchen oven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:x2:1
# text = The kiln gets much hotter than a kitchen oven.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | the kiln |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the kiln, the clay was hard and shiny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:x3:1
# text = After the kiln, the clay was hard and shiny.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the clay |  |  |  | after the kiln | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the clay *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only the art teacher can open the kiln.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:x4:1
# text = Only the art teacher can open the kiln.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | can | the art teacher | the kiln |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location kiln=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old brick kiln is now a museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:x5:1
# text = The old brick kiln is now a museum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	brick	brick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the old brick kiln | a museum |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bricks are baked in a kiln.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:x6:1
# text = Bricks are baked in a kiln.
1	Bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | present · passive |  | Bricks |  |  |  | in a kiln | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient in kiln=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And toward evening he came to another brick-kiln.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiln:x7:1
# text = And toward evening he came to another brick-kiln.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	toward	towar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
8	brick	brick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **towar** | past |  |  |  |  | evening |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | he |  |  | another brick kiln |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to kiln=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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