---
title: kilogram — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kilogram» in the school dictionary: A kilogram is a unit for measuring how heavy something is (its mass). A bag of sugar often weighs one kilogram. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kilogram

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kilogram, unit, bag, Apples, dog, She · **What happens:** be, measure, weigh, cost, buy, bear · **To what, where:** unit, something, mass, one kilogram, 1000 grams, 3 dollars

<!-- .vabout -->
«kilogram» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kilogram in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kilogram.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kilogram is a unit for measuring how heavy something is (its mass). A bag of sugar often weighs one kilogram.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A kilogram is a unit for measuring how heavy something is (its mass).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:m1:1
# text = A kilogram is a unit for measuring how heavy something is (its mass).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	measuring	measure	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kilogram | a unit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **measure** | gerund | a unit *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme something=Value |
| 3 | **is a** | present | a unit | unit's mass |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A bag of sugar often weighs one kilogram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:m1:2
# text = A bag of sugar often weighs one kilogram.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present | a bag of sugar | one kilogram |  |  |  | often *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kilogram=Value |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kilogram is 1000 grams.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:m2:1
# text = A kilogram is 1000 grams.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	1000	1000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	grams	gram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kilogram | 1000 grams |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apples cost 3 dollars a kilogram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x1:1
# text = Apples cost 3 dollars a kilogram.
1	Apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | Apples | 3 dollars  a kilogram |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog weighs 12 kilograms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x2:1
# text = The dog weighs 12 kilograms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present | the dog | 12 kilograms |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kilogram=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She buys 2 kilograms of rice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x3:1
# text = She buys 2 kilograms of rice.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	buys	buy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | present | She | 2 kilograms of rice |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many grams are in 4 kilograms?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x4:1
# text = How many grams are in 4 kilograms?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grams	gram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many grams |  |  | 4 kilograms |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A litre of water weighs about one kilogram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x5:1
# text = A litre of water weighs about one kilogram.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	litre	litre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	weighs	weigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present | a litre of water | one kilogram |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kilogram=Value |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby weighed 3 kilograms when she was born.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x6:1
# text = The baby weighed 3 kilograms when she was born.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | past | the baby | 3 kilograms |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kilogram=Value |
| 2 | **bear** | past · passive |  | baby |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the potatoes on the scales: 2.5 kg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x7:1
# text = Put the potatoes on the scales: 2.5 kg.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	2.5	2.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the potatoes |  | the scales and 2.5 kg |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent potato=Theme on scale=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which is heavier, a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of stones?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kilogram:x8:1
# text = Which is heavier, a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of stones?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | a kilogram of feathers or a kilogram of stones *obl*; heavy *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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