---
title: kin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kin» in the school dictionary: Kin means your family and relatives. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kin, hospital, They, Kith, Wolves, She · **What happens:** mean, be, name, call, gather, protect · **To what, where:** family, forms, people, kin, friends, great grandmother · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kin means your family and relatives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:m1:1
# text = Kin means your family and relatives.
1	Kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Kin | your family and relatives |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Next of kin is your closest relative, often named on forms for emergencies.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:m2:1
# text = Next of kin is your closest relative, often named on forms for emergencies.
1	Next	next	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	relative	relative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	emergencies	emergency	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | kin |  |  |  |  | relative *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** | participle | kin *not said here* |  |  | forms |  | for emergencies; often *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kin can mean people or animals of the same kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:m3:1
# text = Kin can mean people or animals of the same kind.
1	Kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Kin | people or animals of the same kind |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hospital called his next of kin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:x1:1
# text = The hospital called his next of kin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | the hospital |  |  |  |  | next *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They gathered all their kin for the wedding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:x2:1
# text = They gathered all their kin for the wedding.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wedding	wedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | They | their kin |  |  |  | for the wedding | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent kin=Theme for wedding=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kith and kin means friends and relatives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:x3:1
# text = Kith and kin means friends and relatives.
1	Kith	kith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Kith and kin | friends and relatives |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wolves protect their kin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:x4:1
# text = Wolves protect their kin.
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | Wolves | Wolves's kin |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kin=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is my kin; we share a great-grandmother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kin:x5:1
# text = She is my kin; we share a great-grandmother.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | my kin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **share** | present | we | a great grandmother |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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