---
title: kindle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kindle» in the school dictionary: To kindle is to set something alight, or to start a fire. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kindle

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**Who acts:** I, you, He, anyone, maiden · **What happens:** kindle, be, start, gather, plant, not let · **To what, where:** fire, sticks, willow sticks, wood pile, pile, anyone

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«kindle» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kindle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kindle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To kindle is to set something alight, or to start a fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindle:m1:1
# text = To kindle is to set something alight, or to start a fire.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	kindle	kindle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	alight	alight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kindle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | set *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **start** | to-infinitive |  | a fire |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will kindle a fire while you gather sticks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindle:x1:1
# text = I will kindle a fire while you gather sticks.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	kindle	kindle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kindle** | future | I | a fire |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fire=Patient |
| 2 | **gather** | present | you | sticks |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stick=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He planted willow sticks around the wood-pile to kindle it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindle:x2:1
# text = He planted willow sticks around the wood-pile to kindle it.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	willow	willow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	kindle	kindle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | past | He | willow sticks |  | the wood pile |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stick=Theme around pile=Destination |
| 2 | **kindle** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | pile |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not let anyone kindle a fire from the maiden's flame.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindle:x3:1
# text = Do not let anyone kindle a fire from the maiden's flame.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	kindle	kindle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **let** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | anyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **kindle** | infinitive | anyone *not said here* | a fire |  | the maiden's flame |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Product from flame=Material |
| 3 | **flame** |  | the maiden |  |  |  |  |  | nom flame «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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