---
title: kindness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kindness» in the school dictionary: Kindness is being friendly, caring and helpful to others. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kindness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kindness, She, you, Holding, her, class · **What happens:** be, care, thank, cost, show, treat · **To what, where:** kind act, you, nothing, kindness, new boy, animals

<!-- .vabout -->
«kindness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kindness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kindness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindness is being friendly, caring and helpful to others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:m1:1
# text = Kindness is being friendly, caring and helpful to others.
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	caring	care	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	advcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	helpful	helpful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Kindness |  |  |  |  | friendly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **care** | gerund | Kindness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **be** |  | Kindness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to others | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kindness is a kind act.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:m2:1
# text = A kindness is a kind act.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kindness | a kind act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you for your kindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x1:1
# text = Thank you for your kindness.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  | for your kindness | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent you=Theme for kindness=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindness costs nothing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x2:1
# text = Kindness costs nothing.
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | Kindness | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme nothing=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She showed kindness to the new boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x3:1
# text = She showed kindness to the new boy.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | She | kindness | the new boy |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kindness=Topic to boy=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Treat animals with kindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x4:1
# text = Treat animals with kindness.
1	Treat	treat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | animals |  |  | with kindness | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient with kindness=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Holding the door open is a small act of kindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x5:1
# text = Holding the door open is a small act of kindness.
1	Holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | gerund |  | the door |  |  |  | open *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Holding | a small act |  |  |  | of kindness | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His kindness made her feel welcome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x6:1
# text = His kindness made her feel welcome.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	welcome	welcome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His kindness | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | her *= she* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | welcome *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class did a week of kindness challenges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x7:1
# text = Our class did a week of kindness challenges.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	challenges	challenge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Our class |  |  |  | week |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An act of kindness is well repaid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kindness:x8:1
# text = An act of kindness is well repaid.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	repaid	repay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repay** | present · passive |  | a act of kindness |  |  |  | well *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **act** |  | kindness |  |  |  |  |  | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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