---
title: kingdom — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kingdom» in the school dictionary: A kingdom is a country ruled by a king or queen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kingdom

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kingdom, biggest groups, area, kitchen, mineral kingdom, king · **What happens:** be, rule, live, sort, belong, include · **To what, where:** country, one, science, things, animal kingdom, area

<!-- .vabout -->
«kingdom» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kingdom in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kingdom.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kingdom is a country ruled by a king or queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:m1:1
# text = A kingdom is a country ruled by a king or queen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kingdom | a country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | participle |  | a country *not said here* |  |  |  | by a king or queen | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In science, a kingdom is one of the biggest groups living things are sorted into, like the animal kingdom or the plant kingdom.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:m2:1
# text = In science, a kingdom is one of the biggest groups living things are sorted into, like the animal kingdom or the plant kingdom.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	sorted	sort	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kingdom | one |  | science |  | of the biggest groups | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | the biggest groups *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme thing=Location |
| 3 | **sort** | present · passive |  | one |  |  |  | into the animal kingdom or the plant kingdom *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme into kingdom=Goal |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kingdom can be an area that belongs to someone, like «the kitchen is Dad's kingdom».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:m3:1
# text = A kingdom can be an area that belongs to someone, like «the kitchen is Dad's kingdom».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a kingdom | a area |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **belong** | present | a area |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the kitchen |  |  |  |  | like Dad's kingdom | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kingdom can also be a large group of things of the same kind, such as the mineral kingdom, which includes all the metals.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:m4:1
# text = A kingdom can also be a large group of things of the same kind, such as the mineral kingdom, which includes all the metals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a kingdom | a large group |  |  |  | of things of the same kind such the mineral kingdom | tree rules |
| 2 | **include** | present | the mineral kingdom | all metals |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent metal=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king ruled a large kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x1:1
# text = The king ruled a large kingdom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the king | a large kingdom |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The United Kingdom has a king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x2:1
# text = The United Kingdom has a king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	3	flat	_	_
3	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the United Kingdom | a king |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lions belong to the animal kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x3:1
# text = Lions belong to the animal kingdom.
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | Lions |  |  |  |  | to the animal kingdom | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mushrooms are in the fungi kingdom, not the plant kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x4:1
# text = Mushrooms are in the fungi kingdom, not the plant kingdom.
1	Mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mushrooms |  |  | the fungi kingdom and the plant kingdom |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princess saved the kingdom from the dragon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x5:1
# text = The princess saved the kingdom from the dragon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | the princess | the kingdom |  |  |  | from the dragon | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme from dragon=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, England had several small kingdoms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x6:1
# text = Long ago, England had several small kingdoms.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | England | several small kingdoms |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The garden shed is Grandad's kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x7:1
# text = The garden shed is Grandad's kingdom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the garden shed | Grandad's kingdom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My father reigned over six kingdoms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kingdom:x8:1
# text = My father reigned over six kingdoms.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | past | My father | six kingdoms |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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