---
title: kirk — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kirk» in the school dictionary: A kirk is a church. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kirk

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kirk, family, old kirk, Many Scottish towns, towns, Captain · **What happens:** be, walk, have, name, marry · **To what, where:** church, first name, bell tower, kirk, name, They

<!-- .vabout -->
«kirk» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kirk in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kirk.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kirk is a church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:m1:1
# text = A kirk is a church.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kirk	kirk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kirk | a church |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland, church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kirk is the Church of Scotland, the main Presbyterian church there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:m2:1
# text = The Kirk is the Church of Scotland, the main Presbyterian church there.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kirk	Kirk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Presbyterian	presbyterian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Kirk | the Church |  |  |  | of Scotland | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kirk is also a first name or surname, like Captain Kirk in «Star Trek».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:m3:1
# text = Kirk is also a first name or surname, like Captain Kirk in «Star Trek».
1	Kirk	kirk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	surname	surname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Captain	Captain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Kirk	Kirk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Star	Star	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Trek	Trek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kirk | a first name or surname |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The family walked to the kirk on Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:x1:1
# text = The family walked to the kirk on Sunday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kirk	kirk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the family |  |  |  | sunday | to the kirk *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to kirk=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kirk is the Church of Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:x2:1
# text = The Kirk is the Church of Scotland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kirk	Kirk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Kirk | the Church |  |  |  | of Scotland | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old kirk had a stone bell tower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:x3:1
# text = The old kirk had a stone bell tower.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	kirk	kirk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old kirk | a bell tower |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tower=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Scottish towns have «kirk» in their name, like Falkirk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:x4:1
# text = Many Scottish towns have «kirk» in their name, like Falkirk.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	kirk	kirk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Falkirk	Falkirk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Many Scottish towns | kirk |  | towns's name |  | like Falkirk | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kirk=Patient |
| 2 | **name** |  | towns *= town* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were married in the village kirk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:x5:1
# text = They were married in the village kirk.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	married	marry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	kirk	kirk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **marry** | past · passive |  | They |  | the village kirk |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Captain Kirk is a character in Star Trek.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kirk:x6:1
# text = Captain Kirk is a character in Star Trek.
1	Captain	Captain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Kirk	Kirk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Star	Star	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Trek	Trek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Captain | a character |  | Star Trek |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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