---
title: kiss — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kiss» in the school dictionary: To kiss means to touch someone with your lips to show love, care or a greeting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kiss

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kiss, ball, Mum, Grandma, baby, Dad · **What happens:** kiss, mean, touch, show, be, write · **To what, where:** someone, love, touch, light touch, post, letter x · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kiss» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kiss in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kiss.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To kiss means to touch someone with your lips to show love, care or a greeting.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:m1:1
# text = To kiss means to touch someone with your lips to show love, care or a greeting.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	kiss	kiss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **touch** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | with your lips | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent someone=Experiencer with lip=Instrument |
| 4 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | love and care or a greeting |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kiss is that touch with the lips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:m2:1
# text = A kiss is that touch with the lips.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kiss | touch |  |  |  | with the lips | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kiss can mean a very light touch, like when a ball just kisses the post.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:m3:1
# text = Kiss can mean a very light touch, like when a ball just kisses the post.
1	Kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	touch	touch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	kisses	kiss	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Kiss | a light touch |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent touch=Topic |
| 2 | **kiss** | present | a ball | the post |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent post=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kiss can also be the letter x written at the end of a card or message to mean love.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:m4:1
# text = A kiss can also be the letter x written at the end of a card or message to mean love.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
20	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a kiss | the letter x |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | the letter x *not said here* |  |  | at the end of a card or message |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  | love |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent love=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum kissed me goodnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x1:1
# text = Mum kissed me goodnight.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	goodnight	goodnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | past | Mum | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma gave me a kiss on the cheek.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x2:1
# text = Grandma gave me a kiss on the cheek.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cheek	cheek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Grandma | a kiss | me | the cheek |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Recipient kiss=Theme on cheek=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby blew a kiss to her dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x3:1
# text = The baby blew a kiss to her dad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | the baby | a kiss | baby's dad |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kiss=Patient to dad=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad kissed my knee to make it better.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x4:1
# text = Dad kissed my knee to make it better.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | past | Dad | my knee |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Dad *not said here* | knee |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story the frog turned into a prince after the kiss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x5:1
# text = In the story the frog turned into a prince after the kiss.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the frog |  |  | the story | after the kiss | into a prince | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in story=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She signed her card «Love, Emma xxx».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x6:1
# text = She signed her card «Love, Emma xxx».
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Emma	Emma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	xxx	xxx	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | She | her card |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent card=Recipient clause=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can say «no thanks» if you do not want a kiss.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x7:1
# text = You can say «no thanks» if you do not want a kiss.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | can | You | no thanks |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thanks=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **want** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · do-support | you | a kiss |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot kiss=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball just kissed the crossbar and went over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kiss:x8:1
# text = The ball just kissed the crossbar and went over.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crossbar	crossbar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	over	over	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kiss** | past | the ball | the crossbar |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossbar=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **go over** | past | the ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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