---
title: knave — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «knave» in the school dictionary: A dishonest man who tricks people; a rogue. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# knave

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dishonest man, You, knave, King, wicked knave, Alice · **What happens:** trick, put, steal, accuse, knave, shout · **To what, where:** people, Knave, Alice, tarts, king, old play · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«knave» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [knave in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/knave.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dishonest man who tricks people; a rogue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:m1:1
# text = A dishonest man who tricks people; a rogue.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	tricks	trick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rogue	rogue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | present | a dishonest man | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: cards — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jack in a pack of playing cards, the card with a young man's picture, between the ten and the queen.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:m2:1
# text = The jack in a pack of playing cards, the card with a young man's picture, between the ten and the queen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jack	jack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	playing	playing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	between	between	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
21	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy or young male servant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:m3:1
# text = A boy or young male servant.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Alice in Wonderland, the Knave of Hearts is put on trial for stealing the Queen's tarts.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:m4:1
# text = In Alice in Wonderland, the Knave of Hearts is put on trial for stealing the Queen's tarts.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Wonderland	Wonderland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Knave	Knave	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Hearts	Heart	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	tarts	tart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · passive |  | the Knave of Hearts |  | Alice in Wonderland |  | on trial | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme on trial=Destination |
| 2 | **steal** | gerund |  | the Queen's tarts |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tart=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Knave of Hearts was accused of stealing the tarts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x1:1
# text = The Knave of Hearts was accused of stealing the tarts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Knave	Knave	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Hearts	Heart	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tarts	tart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | the Knave of Hearts |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **steal** | gerund |  | the tarts |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tart=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«You knave!» shouted the king in the old play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x2:1
# text = «You knave!» shouted the king in the old play.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knave	knave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knave** *in a quote* |  | You |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | knave | the king |  | the old play |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In this card game, the knave is worth ten points.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x3:1
# text = In this card game, the knave is worth ten points.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	knave	knave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the knave |  |  | this card game |  | worth *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knave carried the King's crown on a velvet cushion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x4:1
# text = The knave carried the King's crown on a velvet cushion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knave	knave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	velvet	velvet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the knave | the King's crown |  | a velvet cushion |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crown=Theme |
| 2 | **crown** |  | the King |  |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wicked knave tricked the farmer out of his cow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x5:1
# text = The wicked knave tricked the farmer out of his cow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	knave	knave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tricked	trick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | past | the wicked knave | the farmer |  |  |  | out knave's cow | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farmer=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alice did not think there was any proof against the Knave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x6:1
# text = Alice did not think there was any proof against the Knave.
1	Alice	Alice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Knave	knave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **think** *speech: other* | past · do-support | Alice |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | any proof against the Knave |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the knave of spades on the queen of hearts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x7:1
# text = Put the knave of spades on the queen of hearts.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	knave	knave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	spades	spade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the knave of spades on the queen of hearts |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent knave=Goal |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Are you not a great knave?'

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knave:x8:1
# text = 'Are you not a great knave?'
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	knave	knave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | you | a great knave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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