---
title: knowledge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «knowledge» in the school dictionary: Information, facts and understanding that you have learned. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# knowledge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, He, people, our, She, It · **What happens:** understand, learn, know, do, read, give · **To what, where:** it, that, knowledge, you, lot, common knowledge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«knowledge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [knowledge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/knowledge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Information, facts and understanding that you have learned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:m1:1
# text = Information, facts and understanding that you have learned.
1	Information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **learn** | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knowing about something: «He did it without my knowledge».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:m2:1
# text = Knowing about something: «He did it without my knowledge».
1	Knowing	know	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **do** *in a quote* | past | He | it |  |  |  | without my knowledge | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All that people know about a subject: «scientific knowledge».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:m3:1
# text = All that people know about a subject: «scientific knowledge».
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	2	det:predet	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	obl	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | people | that |  |  |  | about a subject | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading gives you knowledge about the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x1:1
# text = Reading gives you knowledge about the world.
1	Reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | present |  | knowledge | you |  |  | about the world | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient knowledge=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Test your knowledge with our quiz!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x2:1
# text = Test your knowledge with our quiz!
1	Test	test	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	quiz	quiz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | imperative | you *not said here* | your knowledge |  |  |  | with our quiz | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme |
| 2 | **quiz** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom quiz «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a lot of knowledge about dinosaurs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x3:1
# text = She has a lot of knowledge about dinosaurs.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a lot of knowledge about dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's common knowledge that the earth goes around the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x4:1
# text = It's common knowledge that the earth goes around the sun.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	around	around	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | common knowledge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | the earth | common knowledge *not said here* |  | the sun. |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location knowledge=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To my knowledge, the shop is still open.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x5:1
# text = To my knowledge, the shop is still open.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the shop |  |  |  | still | to my knowledge; open *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They took the car without his knowledge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x6:1
# text = They took the car without his knowledge.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | They | the car |  |  |  | without his knowledge | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientific knowledge changes when we find new evidence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x7:1
# text = Scientific knowledge changes when we find new evidence.
1	Scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Scientific knowledge |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | present | we | new evidence |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It takes years to acquire great knowledge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knowledge:x8:1
# text = It takes years to acquire great knowledge.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	acquire	acquire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | It |  |  |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **acquire** | to-infinitive |  | great knowledge |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset knowledge=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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