---
title: knuckles — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «knuckles» in the school dictionary: Knuckles are the joints in your fingers, especially where your fingers join your hand, which stick out when you make a fist. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# knuckles

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Knuckles, fingers, joints, you, knuckle, He · **What happens:** be, join, stick out, make, knuckle down, mean · **To what, where:** joints, fingers, hand, fist, joint, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«knuckles» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [knuckles in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/knuckles.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knuckles are the joints in your fingers, especially where your fingers join your hand, which stick out when you make a fist.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:m1:1
# text = Knuckles are the joints in your fingers, especially where your fingers join your hand, which stick out when you make a fist.
1	Knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	stick	stick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	fist	fist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Knuckles | the joints |  | your fingers |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | present | your fingers | your hand |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 3 | **stick out** | present | the joints |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | present | you | a fist |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fist=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A knuckle is a joint of meat from an animal's leg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:m2:1
# text = A knuckle is a joint of meat from an animal's leg.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knuckle	knuckle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a knuckle | a joint |  |  |  | of meat from a animal's leg | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To knuckle down means to start working hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:m3:1
# text = To knuckle down means to start working hard.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	knuckle	knuckle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knuckle down** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **start** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To knuckle under means to give in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:m4:1
# text = To knuckle under means to give in.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	knuckle	knuckle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knuckle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **give in** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rap someone on the knuckles means to tap or scold them lightly as a punishment.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:m5:1
# text = To rap someone on the knuckles means to tap or scold them lightly as a punishment.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rap	rap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	tap	tap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	scold	scold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rap** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | on the knuckles | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent someone=Instrument on knuckle=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **tap** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **scold** | infinitive |  | knuckles *= knuckle* |  |  |  | lightly *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He knocked on the door with his knuckles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x1:1
# text = He knocked on the door with his knuckles.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | past | He |  |  | the door |  | with his knuckles | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with knuckle=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gripped the rope until her knuckles turned white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x2:1
# text = She gripped the rope until her knuckles turned white.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gripped	grip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** | past | She | the rope |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Experiencer |
| 2 | **turn** | past | her knuckles |  |  |  |  | white *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa cracks his knuckles before playing the piano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x3:1
# text = Grandpa cracks his knuckles before playing the piano.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cracks	crack	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crack** | present | Grandpa | Grandpa's knuckles |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location knuckle=Theme |
| 2 | **play** | gerund | Grandpa *not said here* | the piano |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My knuckles were sore after the cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x4:1
# text = My knuckles were sore after the cold.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | My knuckles |  |  |  | after the cold | sore *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each finger has three knuckles, but the thumb has two.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x5:1
# text = Each finger has three knuckles, but the thumb has two.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each finger | three knuckles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knuckle=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | the thumb | two |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's time to knuckle down and revise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x6:1
# text = It's time to knuckle down and revise.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	knuckle	knuckle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	revise	revise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **knuckle down** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **revise** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He grazed his knuckles on the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x7:1
# text = He grazed his knuckles on the wall.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grazed	graze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | past | He | his knuckles |  |  |  | on the wall | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent knuckle=Experiencer on wall=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fist showed four bumpy knuckles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x8:1
# text = The fist showed four bumpy knuckles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fist	fist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the fist | four bumpy knuckles |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent knuckle=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If they broke down in their make-believe he rapped them on the knuckles.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:knuckles:x9:1
# text = If they broke down in their make-believe he rapped them on the knuckles.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	make	make	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	rapped	rap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | past | they |  |  | their make |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **believe** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **rap** | past | he | them *= they* |  |  |  | on the knuckles | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent they=Instrument on knuckle=Patient |
| 4 | **make** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom make «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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