---
title: kongo — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kongo» in the school dictionary: The Kongo are a people of Central Africa who live in Angola, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kongo

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kongo, people, Kingdom, Many Kongo people, Kongo artists, king · **What happens:** be, live, trade, speak, carve, name · **To what, where:** people, Angola, large African kingdom, Atlantic coast, language, Kikongo · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kongo» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kongo in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kongo.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kongo are a people of Central Africa who live in Angola, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:m1:1
# text = The Kongo are a people of Central Africa who live in Angola, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Angola	Angola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Democratic	Democratic	PROPN	NNP	_	22	compound	_	_
22	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Kongo | a people |  |  |  | of Central Africa | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a people |  |  | Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in angola=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kingdom of Kongo was a large African kingdom on the Atlantic coast from about 1390 to the 1800s.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:m2:1
# text = The Kingdom of Kongo was a large African kingdom on the Atlantic coast from about 1390 to the 1800s.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	about	about	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	1390	1390	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Kingdom of Kongo | a large African kingdom |  | the Atlantic coast |  | from 1390 to the 1800s | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kongo (Kikongo) is the language of the Kongo people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:m3:1
# text = Kongo (Kikongo) is the language of the Kongo people.
1	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Kikongo	Kikongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kongo | the language |  |  |  | of the Kongo people | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kingdom of Kongo traded with Portugal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:x1:1
# text = The Kingdom of Kongo traded with Portugal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | the Kingdom of Kongo |  |  |  |  | with Portugal | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with portugal=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Kongo people speak Kikongo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:x2:1
# text = Many Kongo people speak Kikongo.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Kikongo	Kikongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Many Kongo people | Kikongo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kongo artists carved beautiful wooden figures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:x3:1
# text = Kongo artists carved beautiful wooden figures.
1	Kongo	kongo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carved	carve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past | Kongo artists | beautiful wooden figures |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent figure=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Congo River is named after the Kongo people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:x4:1
# text = The Congo River is named after the Kongo people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present · passive |  | the Congo River |  |  | after the Kongo people |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king of Kongo wrote letters to the king of Portugal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:x5:1
# text = The king of Kongo wrote letters to the king of Portugal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Portugal	Portugal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the king of Kongo | letters | the king of Portugal |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to king=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read a folk tale told by the Kongo people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kongo:x6:1
# text = We read a folk tale told by the Kongo people.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Kongo	Kongo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | a folk tale |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle |  | a folk tale *not said here* |  |  |  | by the Kongo people | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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