---
title: kremlin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kremlin» in the school dictionary: The old walled fortress in the centre of Moscow, where the President of Russia has his offices. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kremlin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** President, old Russian, Kremlin, newsreader, Many old Russian towns, Most countries · **What happens:** wall, have, use, mean, stand, deny · **To what, where:** offices, news, Russian government, fortress, middle, Red Square · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«kremlin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kremlin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kremlin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: the Kremlin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old walled fortress in the centre of Moscow, where the President of Russia has his offices.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:m1:1
# text = The old walled fortress in the centre of Moscow, where the President of Russia has his offices.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	walled	wall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	fortress	fortress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Moscow	Moscow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	offices	office	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | the President of Russia | President's offices |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent office=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: the Kremlin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used in the news to mean the Russian government itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:m2:1
# text = Used in the news to mean the Russian government itself.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	9	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | the news |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  | the Russian government  government |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent government=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a kremlin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any old Russian walled fortress in the middle of a city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:m3:1
# text = Any old Russian walled fortress in the middle of a city.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walled	wall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	fortress	fortress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wall** | past | any old Russian | fortress |  | the middle of a city |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kremlin stands next to Red Square in Moscow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x1:1
# text = The Kremlin stands next to Red Square in Moscow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kremlin	Kremlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	next	next	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Red	Red	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Square	Square	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Moscow	Moscow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the Kremlin |  | Red Square in Moscow |  |  | next *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The Kremlin denied the report,» said the newsreader.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x2:1
# text = «The Kremlin denied the report,» said the newsreader.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Kremlin	Kremlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	denied	deny	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	newsreader	newsreader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deny** *in a quote* | past | the Kremlin | the report |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent report=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the newsreader |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kremlin's walls are made of red brick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x3:1
# text = The Kremlin's walls are made of red brick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kremlin	Kremlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	brick	brick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the Kremlin's walls |  |  |  | of red brick | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many old Russian towns have their own kremlin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x4:1
# text = Many old Russian towns have their own kremlin.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kremlin	kremlin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Many old Russian towns | towns's own kremlin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kremlin=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The President of Russia works in the Kremlin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x5:1
# text = The President of Russia works in the Kremlin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Kremlin	Kremlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | the President of Russia |  |  |  |  | in the Kremlin | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in kremlin=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Kremlin has many churches with golden domes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x6:1
# text = The Kremlin has many churches with golden domes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kremlin	Kremlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	domes	dome	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Kremlin | many churches |  |  |  | with golden domes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent church=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most countries at the UN criticised the Kremlin for invading Ukraine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x7:1
# text = Most countries at the UN criticised the Kremlin for invading Ukraine.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	UN	UN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	criticised	criticise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Kremlin	Kremlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **criticise** | past | Most countries at the UN | the Kremlin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **invade** | gerund | Most countries at the UN *not said here* | Ukraine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why, they had been talking of Russia and of Moscow, and thus mention was made of the Kremlin, which little George had once drawn for Miss Emily.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kremlin:x8:1
# text = Why, they had been talking of Russia and of Moscow, and thus mention was made of the Kremlin, which little George had once drawn for Miss Emily.
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux	_	_
6	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Moscow	Moscow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	thus	thus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	mention	mention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Kremlin	Kremlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	obj	_	_
23	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	27	advmod	_	_
27	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	acl	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	Emily	Emily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past · perfect · progressive | they |  |  |  |  | of Russia and Moscow | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive | the Kremlin | thus mention |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |
| 3 | **draw** | past · perfect | little George | the Kremlin |  |  |  | for Miss Emily; once *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent which=Result for emily=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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