---
title: kris — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «kris» in the school dictionary: A short dagger from Malaysia, Indonesia and nearby lands, often with a wavy blade, a traditional weapon and a work of art passed down in families. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# kris

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** art, Kris, museum, smith, friend, warrior · **What happens:** pass down, work, be, show, pass, fold · **To what, where:** art, families, short form, kris, family kris, children

<!-- .vabout -->
«kris» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [kris in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/kris.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short dagger from Malaysia, Indonesia and nearby lands, often with a wavy blade, a traditional weapon and a work of art passed down in families.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:m1:1
# text = A short dagger from Malaysia, Indonesia and nearby lands, often with a wavy blade, a traditional weapon and a work of art passed down in families.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dagger	dagger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	nearby	nearby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	wavy	wavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	weapon	weapon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	down	down	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass down** | participle |  | art *not said here* |  | families |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in family=Location |
| 2 | **work** |  | art |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kris is a short form of names like Kristopher, Kristina or Kristen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:m2:1
# text = Kris is a short form of names like Kristopher, Kristina or Kristen.
1	Kris	Kris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Kristopher	Kristopher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Kristina	Kristina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Kristen	Kristen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kris | a short form |  |  |  | of names like Kristopher and Kristina or Kristen | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum showed a kris with a wavy blade and a gold handle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:x1:1
# text = The museum showed a kris with a wavy blade and a gold handle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kris	kris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	wavy	wavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the museum | a kris |  |  |  | with a wavy blade and a gold handle | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kris=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Java, a family kris is passed from parents to children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:x2:1
# text = In Java, a family kris is passed from parents to children.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Java	Java	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	kris	kris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present · passive |  | a family kris | children | Java |  | from parents | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from parent=Initial\_Location to child=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smith folded the metal many times to make the kris.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:x3:1
# text = The smith folded the metal many times to make the kris.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smith	smith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	folded	fold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	kris	kris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fold** | past | the smith | the metal |  |  | time |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent metal=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | the smith *not said here* | the kris |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset kris=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend Kris is in my class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:x4:1
# text = My friend Kris is in my class.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	Kris	Kris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend |  |  | my class |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The warrior in the old story carried a kris in his belt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:x5:1
# text = The warrior in the old story carried a kris in his belt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	kris	kris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the warrior in the old story | a kris |  | warrior's belt |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent kris=Value in belt=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kris is a dagger, not a toy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:kris:x6:1
# text = A kris is a dagger, not a toy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kris	kris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dagger	dagger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kris | a dagger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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