---
title: labor — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «labor» in the school dictionary: Noun: hard work, especially physical work. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# labor

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**Who acts:** Verb, people, We, mice, farm · **What happens:** work, do, put, lose, run about, labor · **To what, where:** work, labor, garden, more labor

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«labor» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [labor in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/labor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noun: hard work, especially physical work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:labor:m1:1
# text = Noun: hard work, especially physical work.
1	Noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb: to work hard at a task.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:labor:m2:1
# text = Verb: to work hard at a task.
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	task	task	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | to-infinitive | Verb |  |  |  |  | at a task; hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at task=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noun: workers, the people who do the work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:labor:m3:1
# text = Noun: workers, the people who do the work.
1	Noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | the people | the work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We put our labor into the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:labor:x1:1
# text = We put our labor into the garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	labor	labor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | We | our labor |  | the garden |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent labor=Goal |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All our labor was lost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:labor:x2:1
# text = All our labor was lost.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	labor	labor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past · passive |  | our labor |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mice ran about and labored at the hole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:labor:x3:1
# text = The mice ran about and labored at the hole.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	labored	labor	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run about** | past | the mice |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **labor** | participle | the mice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the hole | vn work-73.2 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent at hole=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farm needs more labor at harvest time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:labor:x4:1
# text = The farm needs more labor at harvest time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	labor	labor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | the farm | more labor |  |  | at harvest time |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot labor=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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