---
title: lacerate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lacerate» in the school dictionary: To lacerate skin or flesh is to cut or tear it badly, leaving a jagged wound. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lacerate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, Broken glass, nurse, thorns, harsh words, you · **What happens:** lacerate, be, tear, leave, clean, wear · **To what, where:** skin, flesh, jagged wound, feelings, knee, sharp rocks

<!-- .vabout -->
«lacerate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lacerate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lacerate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lacerate skin or flesh is to cut or tear it badly, leaving a jagged wound.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:m1:1
# text = To lacerate skin or flesh is to cut or tear it badly, leaving a jagged wound.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lacerate	lacerate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	tear	tear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	jagged	jagged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacerate** | to-infinitive |  | skin or flesh |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cut *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tear** | infinitive |  | flesh |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location it=Theme |
| 4 | **leave** | gerund |  | a jagged wound |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wound=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lacerate someone's feelings is to hurt them deeply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:m2:1
# text = To lacerate someone's feelings is to hurt them deeply.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lacerate	lacerate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacerate** | to-infinitive |  | someone's feelings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | deeply, hurt *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lacerated his knee on the sharp rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:x1:1
# text = He lacerated his knee on the sharp rocks.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lacerated	lacerate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacerate** | past | He | his knee |  | the sharp rocks |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Broken glass can lacerate your feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:x2:1
# text = Broken glass can lacerate your feet.
1	Broken	broken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lacerate	lacerate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacerate** | can | Broken glass | your feet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse cleaned the lacerated skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:x3:1
# text = The nurse cleaned the lacerated skin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lacerated	lacerate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past | the nurse | the lacerated skin |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 2 | **lacerate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thorns lacerated her arms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:x4:1
# text = The thorns lacerated her arms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thorns	thorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lacerated	lacerate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacerate** | past | the thorns | her arms |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The harsh words lacerated his feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:x5:1
# text = The harsh words lacerated his feelings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lacerated	lacerate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacerate** | past | the harsh words | his feelings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear gloves so the wire does not lacerate your hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:x6:1
# text = Wear gloves so the wire does not lacerate your hands.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	lacerate	lacerate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | gloves |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **lacerate** | present · do-support | the wire | your hands |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Wolf, having no cause of fear, at his leisure lacerated or destroyed the whole flock.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacerate:x7:1
# text = The Wolf, having no cause of fear, at his leisure lacerated or destroyed the whole flock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	leisure	leisure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lacerated	lacerate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | the Wolf | no cause of fear |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Patient |
| 2 | **lacerate** | past | Wolf's leisure |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **destroy** | past | Wolf's leisure *not said here* | the whole flock |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Patient |
| 4 | **cause** |  |  | fear |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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