---
title: lacquer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lacquer» in the school dictionary: Lacquer is a clear or coloured liquid that dries to a hard, shiny coat on wood or metal. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lacquer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lacquer, clear liquid, Japanese lacquer bowls, Dad, you, Beautiful vases · **What happens:** be, dry, lacquer, cover, make, protect · **To what, where:** clear liquid, something, lacquer hairspray, box, wooden table, wood

<!-- .vabout -->
«lacquer» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lacquer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lacquer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lacquer is a clear or coloured liquid that dries to a hard, shiny coat on wood or metal.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:m1:1
# text = Lacquer is a clear or coloured liquid that dries to a hard, shiny coat on wood or metal.
1	Lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	dries	dry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lacquer | a clear liquid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dry** | present | a clear liquid |  |  |  |  | to a hard shiny coat on wood or metal | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lacquer something is to cover it with lacquer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:m2:1
# text = To lacquer something is to cover it with lacquer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lacquer	lacquer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacquer** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with lacquer; cover *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hair lacquer is hairspray.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:m3:1
# text = Hair lacquer is hairspray.
1	Hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hairspray	hairspray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | lacquer hairspray |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The box was covered in red lacquer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:x1:1
# text = The box was covered in red lacquer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the box |  |  |  | in red lacquer | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in lacquer=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japanese lacquer bowls are very beautiful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:x2:1
# text = Japanese lacquer bowls are very beautiful.
1	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bowls	bowl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Japanese lacquer bowls |  |  |  |  | beautiful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad lacquered the wooden table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:x3:1
# text = Dad lacquered the wooden table.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lacquered	lacquer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lacquer** | past | Dad | the wooden table |  |  |  |  | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lacquer makes wood shiny and protects it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:x4:1
# text = Lacquer makes wood shiny and protects it.
1	Lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Lacquer | wood |  |  |  | shiny *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wood=Product |
| 2 | **protect** | present | Lacquer *not said here* | wood |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lacquer took a day to dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:x5:1
# text = The lacquer took a day to dry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the lacquer |  |  |  | day |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dry** | to-infinitive | the lacquer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Open a window when using lacquer, because it smells strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:x6:1
# text = Open a window when using lacquer, because it smells strong.
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	smells	smell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | a window |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | you *not said here* | lacquer |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lacquer=Patient |
| 3 | **smell** | present | lacquer |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beautiful vases and lacquer boxes adorned the tokonoma\[1\] of every room.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lacquer:x7:1
# text = Beautiful vases and lacquer boxes adorned the tokonoma[1] of every room.
1	Beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	vases	vas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	lacquer	lacquer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	adorned	adorn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tokonoma	tokonoma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	1	1	NUM	LS	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adorn** | past | Beautiful vases and lacquer boxes | the tokonoma |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tokonoma=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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