---
title: lactose — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lactose» in the school dictionary: Lactose is the natural sugar found in milk and in foods made from milk, such as cheese, yoghurt and ice cream. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/lactose/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [L](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/) / lactose

# lactose

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lactose, friend, Hard cheeses, Lactose intolerance, yoghurt label, Babies · **What happens:** be, find, make, drink, contain, cause · **To what, where:** natural sugar, milk, foods, sugar, lactose intolerant, lactose free milk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lactose» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lactose in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lactose.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lactose is the natural sugar found in milk and in foods made from milk, such as cheese, yoghurt and ice cream.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:m1:1
# text = Lactose is the natural sugar found in milk and in foods made from milk, such as cheese, yoghurt and ice cream.
1	Lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	foods	food	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lactose | the natural sugar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | the natural sugar *not said here* |  | milk and foods |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | foods *not said here* |  | milk and cheese and yoghurt and ice cream |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from milk=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lactose is the sugar in milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:x1:1
# text = Lactose is the sugar in milk.
1	Lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lactose | the sugar |  | milk |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend is lactose intolerant, so she drinks lactose-free milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:x2:1
# text = My friend is lactose intolerant, so she drinks lactose-free milk.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	intolerant	intolerant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	drinks	drink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My friend | lactose intolerant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drink** | present | friend | lactose free milk |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hard cheeses contain very little lactose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:x3:1
# text = Hard cheeses contain very little lactose.
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cheeses	cheese	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Hard cheeses | little lactose |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot lactose=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lactose intolerance can cause tummy pains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:x4:1
# text = Lactose intolerance can cause tummy pains.
1	Lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	tummy	tummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pains	pain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can | Lactose intolerance | tummy pains |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yoghurt label says «contains lactose».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:x5:1
# text = The yoghurt label says «contains lactose».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the yoghurt label |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **contain** *in a quote* | present |  | lactose |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot lactose=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babies get lactose from breast milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:x6:1
# text = Babies get lactose from breast milk.
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Babies | lactose |  | breast milk |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent lactose=Theme from milk=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people around the world cannot digest lactose well as adults.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lactose:x7:1
# text = Many people around the world cannot digest lactose well as adults.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	digest	digest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	lactose	lactose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **digest** | can | Many people around the world | lactose |  |  |  | as adults; well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [lactic](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/lactic/)
- next →: [lacy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/lacy/)
- ↑ back to [L in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/)