---
title: lady — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lady» in the school dictionary: A lady is a polite word for a woman. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lady

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lady, Ladies, 12 ladies, our, lollipop lady, us · **What happens:** be, buy, pay, play, help, cross · **To what, where:** polite word, woman, toilet, 3 hats, room, 20 dollars

<!-- .vabout -->
«lady» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lady in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lady.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lady is a polite word for a woman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:m1:1
# text = A lady is a polite word for a woman.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lady | a polite word |  |  |  | for a woman | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lady is a woman with good manners, or (in the past) a woman of high rank.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:m2:1
# text = A lady is a woman with good manners, or (in the past) a woman of high rank.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lady | a woman |  |  |  | with good manners | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lady Jane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:m2e:1
# text = Lady Jane.
1	Lady	Lady	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Jane	Jane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ladies (or the ladies) is a toilet for women in a public place.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:m3:1
# text = Ladies (or the ladies) is a toilet for women in a public place.
1	Ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ladies | a toilet |  |  |  | for women in a public place | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lady bought 3 hats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x1:1
# text = A lady bought 3 hats.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | a lady | 3 hats |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 12 ladies and 8 men in the room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x2:1
# text = There are 12 ladies and 8 men in the room.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 12 ladies and 8 men |  |  | the room; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in room=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lady paid 20 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x3:1
# text = The lady paid 20 dollars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past | the lady | 20 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many people in all?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x4:1
# text = How many people in all?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our school play!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x5:1
# text = Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our school play!
1	Ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	gentlemen	gentleman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	welcome	welcome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom play «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lollipop lady helps us cross the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x6:1
# text = The lollipop lady helps us cross the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lollipop	lollipop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the lollipop lady | us |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **cross** | infinitive | us *not said here* | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind old lady gave us directions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x7:1
# text = A kind old lady gave us directions.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | a kind old lady | directions | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient direction=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dinner lady served us pasta.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x8:1
# text = The dinner lady served us pasta.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	served	serve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | past | the dinner lady | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Did you see the young lady?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lady:x9:1
# text = Did you see the young lady?"
1	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · do-support | you | the young lady |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lady=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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