---
title: ladybug — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ladybug» in the school dictionary: A ladybug is a small round beetle, usually red or orange with black spots, that eats tiny insects called aphids. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/ladybug/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [L](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/) / ladybug

# ladybug

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ladybug, that, tiny insects, Ladybugs, aphids, We · **What happens:** be, eat, call, land, harm, have · **To what, where:** small round beetle, tiny insects, aphids, ladybug, hand, plants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ladybug» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ladybug in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ladybug.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ladybug is a small round beetle, usually red or orange with black spots, that eats tiny insects called aphids.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ladybug:m1:1
# text = A ladybug is a small round beetle, usually red or orange with black spots, that eats tiny insects called aphids.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	aphids	aphid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ladybug | a small round beetle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a ladybug *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with black spots; usually *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | present | that | tiny insects |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient |
| 4 | **call** | participle | tiny insects *not said here* | aphids |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ladybug landed on my hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ladybug:x1:1
# text = A ladybug landed on my hand.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	landed	land	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | participle |  | a ladybug *not said here* |  | my hand |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on hand=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ladybugs eat aphids that harm plants in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ladybug:x2:1
# text = Ladybugs eat aphids that harm plants in the garden.
1	Ladybugs	ladybug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aphids	aphid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	harm	harm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Ladybugs | aphids |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Patient |
| 2 | **harm** | present | aphids | plants |  | the garden |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus plant=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ladybug had seven black spots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ladybug:x3:1
# text = The ladybug had seven black spots.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the ladybug | seven black spots |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched a ladybug larva turn into a pupa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ladybug:x4:1
# text = We watched a ladybug larva turn into a pupa.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	larva	larva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pupa	pupa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present | a ladybug larva |  |  | a pupa |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into pupa=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its red colour warns birds not to eat it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ladybug:x5:1
# text = Its red colour warns birds not to eat it.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	warns	warn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | Its red colour |  | birds |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | to-infinitive | Its red colour *not said here* | colour |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the spots on each ladybug and add them up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ladybug:x6:1
# text = Count the spots on each ladybug and add them up.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | the spots |  | each ladybug |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Theme |
| 2 | **add up** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | spots *= spot* |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [ladybird](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/ladybird/)
- next →: [ladylike](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/ladylike/)
- ↑ back to [L in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/)