---
title: lag — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lag» in the school dictionary: To lag, or lag behind, means to move or develop more slowly than others, so you fall behind. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lag

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, lag, one thing, screen, internet, Jet lag · **What happens:** lag, mean, move, develop, fall behind, be · **To what, where:** lag, delay, game, many time zones, pipes, material · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lag» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lag in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lag.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lag, or lag behind, means to move or develop more slowly than others, so you fall behind.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:m1:1
# text = To lag, or lag behind, means to move or develop more slowly than others, so you fall behind.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lag	lag	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	develop	develop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
13	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
14	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
21	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lag** | to-infinitive |  | lag |  |  |  | behind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **move** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **develop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **fall behind** | present | you |  |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lag, or time lag, is a delay between one thing happening and another.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:m2:1
# text = A lag, or time lag, is a delay between one thing happening and another.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lag or time lag | a delay |  |  |  | between one thing | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | gerund | one thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: gaming, computers, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lag is a delay in a game or video call, when the screen freezes or jumps because the internet is slow.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:m3:1
# text = Lag is a delay in a game or video call, when the screen freezes or jumps because the internet is slow.
1	Lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	jumps	jump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
18	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lag | a delay |  | a game or video call |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | present | the screen |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **jump** | present | the screen *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | the internet |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jet lag is feeling tired and muddled after flying across many time zones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:m4:1
# text = Jet lag is feeling tired and muddled after flying across many time zones.
1	Jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	muddled	muddle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	zones	zone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present · progressive | Jet lag |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **muddle** | participle | Jet lag *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **fly** | gerund | Jet lag *not said here* |  |  | many time zones |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across zone=Trajectory |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lag pipes or a hot-water tank means to wrap them in material to keep the heat in.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:m5:1
# text = To lag pipes or a hot-water tank means to wrap them in material to keep the heat in.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lag	lag	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	csubj	_	_
3	pipes	pipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	wrap	wrap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lag** | to-infinitive |  | pipes or a water tank |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **wrap** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | pipes *= pipe* |  | material |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in material=Destination |
| 4 | **keep in** | to-infinitive |  | the heat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old lag is a person who has been in prison many times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:m6:1
# text = An old lag is a person who has been in prison many times.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a old lag | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurry up, don't lag behind!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x1:1
# text = Hurry up, don't lag behind!
1	Hurry	hurry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	lag	lag	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurry up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **lag behind** | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  | behind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game kept lagging, so I lost the level.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x2:1
# text = The game kept lagging, so I lost the level.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lagging	lag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the game |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lag** | gerund | the game *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | past | I | the level |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent level=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had terrible jet lag after flying to Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x3:1
# text = We had terrible jet lag after flying to Australia.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | terrible jet lag |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lag=Patient |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | We *not said here* |  | Australia |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to australia=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a lag between the lightning flash and the thunder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x4:1
# text = There is a lag between the lightning flash and the thunder.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a lag between the lightning flash and the thunder |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad lagged the pipes in the loft so they wouldn't freeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x5:1
# text = Dad lagged the pipes in the loft so they wouldn't freeze.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lagged	lag	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pipes	pipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	loft	loft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	freeze	freeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lag** | past | Dad | the pipes |  | the loft |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **freeze** | would | pipes *= pipe* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class is lagging behind with the project, so we need to work faster.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x6:1
# text = Our class is lagging behind with the project, so we need to work faster.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lagging	lag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lag behind** | present · progressive | Our class |  |  |  |  | with the project; behind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **work** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The video call had a two-second lag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x7:1
# text = The video call had a two-second lag.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	lag	lag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the video call | a second lag |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lag=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Yes, Fred," said she, and soon made herself ready; but, her husband being a good walker, she lagged behind.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lag:x8:1
# text = "Yes, Fred," said she, and soon made herself ready; but, her husband being a good walker, she lagged behind.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Fred	Fred	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	12	obj	_	_
14	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
20	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	cop	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	walker	walker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
25	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	lagged	lag	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
27	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Fred |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | past | Fred *not said here* | Fred |  |  |  | ready, soon *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset herself=Product |
| 3 | **is a** | gerund | Fred's husband | a good walker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **lag behind** | past | Fred |  |  |  |  | behind *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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