---
title: lake — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lake» in the school dictionary: A lake is a big area of water with land all around it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lake

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lake, Most lakes, 20 ducks, path, They, 8 boats · **What happens:** be, have, walk, swim, not walk, freeze · **To what, where:** big area, fresh water, pool, 3 km, lake, frozen lake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lake» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lake in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lake.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lake is a big area of water with land all around it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:m1:1
# text = A lake is a big area of water with land all around it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	all	all	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lake | a big area |  |  |  | of water; with land around land | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most lakes have fresh water, not salty sea water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:m2:1
# text = Most lakes have fresh water, not salty sea water.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
8	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Most lakes | fresh water and salty sea water |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lake can also be a pool of something else, like «a lake of lava».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:m3:1
# text = A lake can also be a pool of something else, like «a lake of lava».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	_
10	else	else	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a lake | a pool |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 20 ducks on the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x1:1
# text = There are 20 ducks on the lake.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 20 ducks on the lake |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path around the lake is 3 km.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x2:1
# text = The path around the lake is 3 km.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the path around the lake | 3 km |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They walked to the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x3:1
# text = They walked to the lake.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | They |  |  |  |  | to the lake *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to lake=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
8 boats are on the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x4:1
# text = 8 boats are on the lake.
1	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | 8 boats |  |  | the lake |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We swam in the lake in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x5:1
# text = We swam in the lake in summer.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | past | We |  |  | the lake in summer |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Great Lakes are between Canada and the USA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x6:1
# text = The Great Lakes are between Canada and the USA.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Lakes	Lake	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Great Lakes |  |  |  |  | between Canada and the USA | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never walk on a frozen lake unless an adult says the ice is safe.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x7:1
# text = Never walk on a frozen lake unless an adult says the ice is safe.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	unless	unless	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a frozen lake |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lake=Trajectory |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a adult |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | the ice |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish and frogs live in the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lake:x8:1
# text = Fish and frogs live in the lake.
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Fish and frogs |  |  | the lake |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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