---
title: lama — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lama» in the school dictionary: A lama is a teacher or monk in Tibetan Buddhism. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lama

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lama, Dalai Lama, Lamas, Visitors · **What happens:** be, teach, know, live, study, speak · **To what, where:** teacher, famous lama, young monks, known Buddhist leader, monasteries, red robes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lama» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lama in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lama.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lama is a teacher or monk in Tibetan Buddhism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:m1:1
# text = A lama is a teacher or monk in Tibetan Buddhism.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lama	lama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Tibetan	Tibetan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lama | a teacher or monk in Tibetan Buddhism |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Dalai Lama is the most famous lama, a spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:m2:1
# text = The Dalai Lama is the most famous lama, a spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Dalai	Dalai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Lama	Lama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	lama	lama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	spiritual	spiritual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Tibetan	Tibetan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Buddhists	Buddhist	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Dalai Lama | the famous lama |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lama taught the young monks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:x1:1
# text = The lama taught the young monks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lama	lama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the lama |  | the young monks |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent monk=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Dalai Lama is a well-known Buddhist leader.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:x2:1
# text = The Dalai Lama is a well-known Buddhist leader.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Dalai	Dalai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Lama	Lama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
9	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Dalai Lama | a known Buddhist leader |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lamas live and study in monasteries in Tibet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:x3:1
# text = Lamas live and study in monasteries in Tibet.
1	Lamas	lama	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	monasteries	monastery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Tibet	Tibet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Lamas |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **study** | present | Lamas *not said here* |  |  | monasteries in Tibet |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lama spoke about kindness and peace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:x4:1
# text = The lama spoke about kindness and peace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lama	lama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the lama |  |  |  |  | about kindness and peace | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about kindness=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Visitors bowed to the old lama.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:x5:1
# text = Visitors bowed to the old lama.
1	Visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lama	lama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | past | Visitors |  |  |  |  | to the old lama | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to lama=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lama may wear red and yellow robes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lama:x6:1
# text = A lama may wear red and yellow robes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lama	lama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	robes	robe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | may | a lama | red robes |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent robe=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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