---
title: lameness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lameness» in the school dictionary: Lameness is the state of being unable to walk well because a leg or foot is hurt. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lameness

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**Who acts:** Lameness, wolf, vet · **What happens:** be, walk, hurt, ask, cause, make · **To what, where:** state, leg, cause, lameness, him

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«lameness» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lameness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lameness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lameness is the state of being unable to walk well because a leg or foot is hurt.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lameness:m1:1
# text = Lameness is the state of being unable to walk well because a leg or foot is hurt.
1	Lameness	lameness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lameness | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **walk** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hurt** | present · passive |  | a leg or foot |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolf asked the cause of his lameness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lameness:x1:1
# text = The wolf asked the cause of his lameness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	lameness	lameness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the wolf | the cause of wolf's lameness |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cause=Recipient |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | wolf's lameness |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His lameness made him slow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lameness:x2:1
# text = His lameness made him slow.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lameness	lameness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His lameness | him *= he* |  |  |  | slow *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vet treated the horse's lameness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lameness:x3:1
# text = The vet treated the horse's lameness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	treated	treat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	lameness	lameness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | past | the vet | the horse's lameness |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lameness=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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