---
title: lamp — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lamp» in the school dictionary: A lamp is a thing that gives light, often standing on a table, a desk or along a street. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lamp

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lamp, thing, Old lamps, most lamps, heat lamp, 9 lamps · **What happens:** be, give, stand, burn, make, use · **To what, where:** thing, light, table, oil, electricity, warmth

<!-- .vabout -->
«lamp» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lamp in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lamp.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lamp is a thing that gives light, often standing on a table, a desk or along a street.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:m1:1
# text = A lamp is a thing that gives light, often standing on a table, a desk or along a street.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	along	along	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lamp | a thing |  |  |  | a desk or a street *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | a thing | light |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | a thing *not said here* |  |  | a table |  | often *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on table=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old lamps burned oil or gas to make light; most lamps today use electricity.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:m2:1
# text = Old lamps burned oil or gas to make light; most lamps today use electricity.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | participle | Old lamps | oil or gas |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent oil=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Old lamps *not said here* | light |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product |
| 3 | **use** | present | most lamps | electricity |  |  | today |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heat lamp gives warmth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:m3:1
# text = A heat lamp gives warmth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | a heat lamp | warmth |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 9 lamps along the street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x1:1
# text = There are 9 lamps along the street.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 9 lamps |  |  | the street; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along street=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lamps stand every 20 m.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x2:1
# text = Lamps stand every 20 m.
1	Lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	m.	m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Lamps | every 20 m. |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer m.=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lamp costs 15 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x3:1
# text = A lamp costs 15 dollars.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a lamp | 15 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each room has 2 lamps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x4:1
# text = Each room has 2 lamps.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each room | 2 lamps |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamp=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I read in bed by the light of my lamp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x5:1
# text = I read in bed by the light of my lamp.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | I |  |  | bed |  | by the light of my lamp | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **light** |  |  | my lamp |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lamp lights up when the circuit is closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x6:1
# text = The lamp lights up when the circuit is closed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lights	light	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light up** | present | the lamp |  |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **close** | present · passive |  | the circuit |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aladdin rubbed the lamp and a genie appeared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x7:1
# text = Aladdin rubbed the lamp and a genie appeared.
1	Aladdin	Aladdin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	genie	genie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | Aladdin | the lamp |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent lamp=Theme |
| 2 | **appear** | past | a genie |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The street lamps come on when it gets dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamp:x8:1
# text = The street lamps come on when it gets dark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come on** | present | the street lamps |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present | it |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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