---
title: lamppost — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lamppost» in the school dictionary: A lamppost is a tall post in a street or park with a light at the top that comes on when it gets dark. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lamppost

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lamppost, top, We, lampposts, it, Lucy · **What happens:** be, come on, get, use, hold, meet · **To what, where:** tall post, street, Lampposts, signs, lamppost, poster · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lamppost» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lamppost in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lamppost.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lamppost is a tall post in a street or park with a light at the top that comes on when it gets dark.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:m1:1
# text = A lamppost is a tall post in a street or park with a light at the top that comes on when it gets dark.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lamppost	lamppost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
24	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lamppost | a tall post |  | a street or park |  | with a light at the top | tree rules |
| 2 | **come on** | present | the top |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | present | lamppost |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lampposts are also used to hold signs, posters and bins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:m2:1
# text = Lampposts are also used to hold signs, posters and bins.
1	Lampposts	lamppost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	posters	poster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bins	bin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Lampposts |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | to-infinitive |  | signs and posters and bins |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We met under the lamppost at the corner of our street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x1:1
# text = We met under the lamppost at the corner of our street.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lamppost	lamppost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | We |  |  | the lamppost |  | at the corner of our street | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A poster about a lost cat was taped to the lamppost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x2:1
# text = A poster about a lost cat was taped to the lamppost.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	taped	tape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lamppost	lamppost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tape** | past · passive |  | a poster about a lost cat |  |  |  | to the lamppost | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to lamppost=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lampposts come on when it gets dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x3:1
# text = The lampposts come on when it gets dark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lampposts	lamppost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come on** | present | the lampposts |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present | it |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the book, Lucy finds a lamppost glowing in the snowy wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x4:1
# text = In the book, Lucy finds a lamppost glowing in the snowy wood.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Lucy	Lucy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lamppost	lamppost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	snowy	snowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | Lucy | a lamppost |  | the book |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamppost=Topic |
| 2 | **glow** | gerund | a lamppost *not said here* |  |  | the snowy wood |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wood=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad bumped into a lamppost while looking at his phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x5:1
# text = Dad bumped into a lamppost while looking at his phone.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bumped	bump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lamppost	lamppost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bump** | past | Dad |  |  | a lamppost |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into lamppost=Location |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | Dad *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at Dad's phone | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at phone=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council is replacing old lampposts with bright LED ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x6:1
# text = The council is replacing old lampposts with bright LED ones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	replacing	replace	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lampposts	lamppost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	LED	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | present · progressive | the council | old lampposts |  |  |  | with bright LED ones | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme lamppost=Location with one=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are twelve lampposts along the path, one every 20 metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x7:1
# text = There are twelve lampposts along the path, one every 20 metres.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	lampposts	lamppost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | twelve lampposts along the path and every one 20 metres |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"It's much more like the lampposts on the Thames Embankment," said George, who had noticed a curly thing like a tail that went twisting up the North Pole.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lamppost:x8:1
# text = "It's much more like the lampposts on the Thames Embankment," said George, who had noticed a curly thing like a tail that went twisting up the North Pole.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lampposts	lamppost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Thames	Thames	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Embankment	embankment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
28	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
29	twisting	twist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	xcomp	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | It |  |  | the Thames Embankment |  | like the lampposts | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the lampposts |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **notice** | past · perfect | George | a curly thing |  |  |  | like a tail | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 4 | **go** | past | a curly thing |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **twist up** | gerund | a curly thing *not said here* | the North Pole |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme pole=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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