---
title: lanternfish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lanternfish» in the school dictionary: A lanternfish is a small deep-sea fish with spots on its body that glow with light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lanternfish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lanternfish, spots, Whales, more lanternfish, We, glowing spots · **What happens:** be, glow, swim up, feed, go, have · **To what, where:** small sea fish, world, surface, spots, ocean, tiny animals

<!-- .vabout -->
«lanternfish» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lanternfish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lanternfish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lanternfish is a small deep-sea fish with spots on its body that glow with light.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:m1:1
# text = A lanternfish is a small deep-sea fish with spots on its body that glow with light.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	glow	glow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lanternfish | a small sea fish |  |  |  | with spots on lanternfish's body | tree rules |
| 2 | **glow** | present | spots on lanternfish's body |  |  |  |  | with light | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with light=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lanternfish are among the most common fish in the world; they swim up near the surface at night to feed and go deep down in the day.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:m2:1
# text = Lanternfish are among the most common fish in the world; they swim up near the surface at night to feed and go deep down in the day.
1	Lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	near	near	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
24	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	down	down	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lanternfish |  |  | the world |  | among the common fish | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim up** | present | Lanternfish |  |  | the surface | night |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near surface=Trajectory |
| 3 | **feed** | to-infinitive | Lanternfish *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive | Lanternfish *not said here* |  |  |  | day | down *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lanternfish has glowing spots along its body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x1:1
# text = The lanternfish has glowing spots along its body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the lanternfish |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **glow** | gerund | the lanternfish *not said here* | spots |  |  |  | along lanternfish's body | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent spot=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lanternfish live deep in the ocean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x2:1
# text = Lanternfish live deep in the ocean.
1	Lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Lanternfish |  |  | the ocean |  | deep *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ocean=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At night, lanternfish swim up to eat tiny animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x3:1
# text = At night, lanternfish swim up to eat tiny animals.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim up** | present | lanternfish |  |  |  | night |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive | lanternfish *not said here* | tiny animals |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales and seabirds eat lanternfish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x4:1
# text = Whales and seabirds eat lanternfish.
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	seabirds	seabird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Whales and seabirds | lanternfish |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lanternfish=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There may be more lanternfish than any other kind of fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x5:1
# text = There may be more lanternfish than any other kind of fish.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | may | more lanternfish than any other kind of fish |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a lanternfish in a deep-sea documentary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x6:1
# text = We saw a lanternfish in a deep-sea documentary.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	documentary	documentary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a lanternfish |  | a sea documentary |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lanternfish=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The glowing spots help lanternfish recognise each other.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x7:1
# text = The glowing spots help lanternfish recognise each other.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	recognise	recognise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obj	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | present | the glowing spots | lanternfish |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent lanternfish=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **recognise** | infinitive | lanternfish *not said here* | each |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lanternfish is only about as long as your finger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lanternfish:x8:1
# text = A lanternfish is only about as long as your finger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lanternfish	lanternfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a lanternfish |  |  |  |  | as your finger; about, long *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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