---
title: lap — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lap» in the school dictionary: A lap is one time around a track, field or pool. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lap

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lap, you, Water, One lap, She, He · **What happens:** be, sit down, lap, lick, move, run · **To what, where:** one time, track, flat top part, something, someone, 400 metres

<!-- .vabout -->
«lap» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lap in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lap.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lap is one time around a track, field or pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:m1:1
# text = A lap is one time around a track, field or pool.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lap | one time |  | a track |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your lap is the flat top part of your legs when you sit down.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:m2:1
# text = Your lap is the flat top part of your legs when you sit down.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	sit	sit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
14	down	down	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your lap | the flat top part |  |  |  | of your legs | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit down** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lap is to drink by licking with the tongue, like a cat.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:m3:1
# text = To lap is to drink by licking with the tongue, like a cat.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lap	lap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	licking	lick	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | drink *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lick** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with the tongue; like a cat | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with tongue=Instrument |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water laps when it moves gently against something, like waves on a beach.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:m4:1
# text = Water laps when it moves gently against something, like waves on a beach.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laps	lap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | present | Water |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **move** | present | Water |  |  | something |  | gently *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme against something=Trajectory |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To lap someone in a race is to get a whole lap ahead of them.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:m5:1
# text = To lap someone in a race is to get a whole lap ahead of them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	lap	lap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	ahead	ahead	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | in a race | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot someone=Theme in race=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | ahead, get *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One lap of the track is 400 metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x1:1
# text = One lap of the track is 400 metres.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	400	400	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | One lap of the track | 400 metres |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She ran 6 laps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x2:1
# text = She ran 6 laps.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	laps	lap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | She | 6 laps |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lap=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How far did she run?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x3:1
# text = How far did she run?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past · do-support | she |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He swims 20 laps a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x4:1
# text = He swims 20 laps a day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	laps	lap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | He | 20 laps |  |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lap=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat curled up on Grandma's lap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x5:1
# text = The cat curled up on Grandma's lap.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	curled	curl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curl up** | participle |  | the cat *not said here* |  | Grandma's lap |  |  | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog lapped water from its bowl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x6:1
# text = The dog lapped water from its bowl.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lapped	lap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | past | the dog | water |  | dog's bowl |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Waves lapped gently against the boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x7:1
# text = Waves lapped gently against the boat.
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lapped	lap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | past | Waves |  |  |  |  | against the boat; gently *property* | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the last lap, Ava moved into first place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x8:1
# text = On the last lap, Ava moved into first place.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Ava	Ava	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | Ava |  |  | the last lap |  | into first place | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme on lap=Source into place=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fastest runner lapped the slowest one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x9:1
# text = The fastest runner lapped the slowest one.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lapped	lap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	slowest	slow	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | past | the fastest runner | the slowest one |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whip lay on his lap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lap:x10:1
# text = The whip lay on his lap.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | the whip |  |  | his lap |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on lap=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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