---
title: lapp — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lapp» in the school dictionary: Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lapp

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lapp, Many Sámi, Lapland, Sámi families, teacher, Old maps · **What happens:** be, find, prefer, call, not call, herd · **To what, where:** old name, word, Sámi, old books, Lapps, far north · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lapp» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lapp in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lapp.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, may offend — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:m1:1
# text = Lapp is an old name for the Sámi, the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.
1	Lapp	lapp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Sweden	Sweden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lapp | a old name |  |  |  | for the Sámi  the Indigenous people of the far north of Norway and Sweden and Finland and Russia | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:m1:2
# text = Many Sámi find the word «Lapp» offensive and prefer «Sámi».
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Lapp	lapp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	offensive	offensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | Many Sámi | the word |  |  |  | offensive *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **prefer** | present | Many Sámi *not said here* | Sámi |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sámi=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sámi were once called Lapps in old books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:x1:1
# text = The Sámi were once called Lapps in old books.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	Lapps	lapp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | the Sámi |  | old books |  | once *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Sámi prefer not to be called Lapps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:x2:1
# text = Many Sámi prefer not to be called Lapps.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Sámi	sámi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	Lapps	lapp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present | Many Sámi |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **call** | to-infinitive · passive |  | Lapps |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lapland is in the far north of Finland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:x3:1
# text = Lapland is in the far north of Finland.
1	Lapland	Lapland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lapland |  |  | the far north |  | of Finland | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sámi families herd reindeer across the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:x4:1
# text = Sámi families herd reindeer across the snow.
1	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	herd	herd	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | present | Sámi families | reindeer |  | the snow |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent reindeer=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher said to use «Sámi», not «Lapp».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:x5:1
# text = Our teacher said to use «Sámi», not «Lapp».
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Lapp	Lapp	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Our teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive |  | Sámi |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sámi=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old maps say «Lapp» but today we say Sámi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapp:x6:1
# text = Old maps say «Lapp» but today we say Sámi.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	maps	map	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Lapp	lapp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Old maps | Lapp |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lapp=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | we | Sámi |  |  | today |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sámi=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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