---
title: lapse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lapse» in the school dictionary: A small mistake or failure, often caused by not paying attention: a lapse of memory. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lapse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** memory, short time, few minutes, he, you, I · **What happens:** cause, not pay, lapse, pass, stop, be · **To what, where:** failure, attention, two events, it, library card, worse state

<!-- .vabout -->
«lapse» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lapse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lapse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small mistake or failure, often caused by not paying attention: a lapse of memory.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:m1:1
# text = A small mistake or failure, often caused by not paying attention: a lapse of memory.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	failure	failure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | failure *not said here* |  |  |  | often *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **not** **pay** | gerund |  | attention |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attention=Asset |
| 3 | **lapse** |  | memory |  |  |  |  |  | nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short time that passes between two events: after a lapse of a few minutes.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:m2:1
# text = A short time that passes between two events: after a lapse of a few minutes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | a short time |  |  | two events and a lapse of a few minutes |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between event=Location |
| 2 | **lapse** |  | a few minutes |  |  |  |  |  | nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop being valid because it was not renewed: my library card lapsed.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:m3:1
# text = To stop being valid because it was not renewed: my library card lapsed.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	valid	valid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	renewed	renew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	lapsed	lapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | valid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **renew** | past · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **lapse** | participle · passive |  | my library card |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To slowly fall into a worse state or into silence: he lapsed into silence.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:m4:1
# text = To slowly fall into a worse state or into silence: he lapsed into silence.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	fall	fall	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lapsed	lapse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | into a worse state or silence *result*; slowly *property* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into state=Result |
| 2 | **lapse** | past | he |  |  | silence |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop doing something you used to do, such as a habit or practice.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:m5:1
# text = To stop doing something you used to do, such as a habit or practice.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **use** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **do** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a lapse of memory and forgot my PE kit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x1:1
# text = I had a lapse of memory and forgot my PE kit.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	kit	kit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a lapse of memory |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lapse=Patient |
| 2 | **forget** | past | I *not said here* | my PE kit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lapse** |  | memory |  |  |  |  |  | nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One lapse in concentration and the goalkeeper let the ball in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x2:1
# text = One lapse in concentration and the goalkeeper let the ball in.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	concentration	concentration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let in** | past | One lapse in concentration and the goalkeeper | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a lapse of ten minutes, the bell rang again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x3:1
# text = After a lapse of ten minutes, the bell rang again.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | past | the bell |  |  |  | after a lapse of ten minutes; again |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lapse** |  | ten minutes |  |  |  |  |  | nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad let his gym membership lapse because he never went.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x4:1
# text = Dad let his gym membership lapse because he never went.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	gym	gym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	membership	membership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | past | Dad | Dad's membership lapse |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lapse=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **go** | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lapse** |  | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | nom lapse «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room lapsed into silence when the head teacher walked in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x5:1
# text = The room lapsed into silence when the head teacher walked in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lapsed	lapse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lapse** | past | the room |  |  | silence |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **walk in** | past | the head teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was just a lapse; she is usually very careful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x6:1
# text = It was just a lapse; she is usually very careful.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a lapse |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** | present | she |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lapse in safety at the pool can be dangerous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x7:1
# text = A lapse in safety at the pool can be dangerous.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | a lapse in safety at the pool |  |  |  |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His passport had lapsed, so he needed a new one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x8:1
# text = His passport had lapsed, so he needed a new one.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	passport	passport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lapsed	lapse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lapse** | past · perfect · passive |  | His passport |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | past | he | a new one |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot one=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One day, after the lapse of many years, he met Angelo, who recognized him.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lapse:x9:1
# text = One day, after the lapse of many years, he met Angelo, who recognized him.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	Angelo	Angelo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	recognized	recognize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | he | Angelo |  |  | day |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent angelo=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **recognize** | past | Angelo | Angelo |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **lapse** |  | many years |  |  |  |  |  | nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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