---
title: laptop — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «laptop» in the school dictionary: A small computer that you can carry, with a screen and keyboard joined together that fold shut. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# laptop

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small computer, that, We, you, laptop battery, I · **What happens:** carry, join, fold, use, close, keep · **To what, where:** screen, laptops, class, laptop, drink, battery

<!-- .vabout -->
«laptop» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [laptop in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/laptop.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small computer that you can carry, with a screen and keyboard joined together that fold shut.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:m1:1
# text = A small computer that you can carry, with a screen and keyboard joined together that fold shut.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	keyboard	keyboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
15	together	together	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj	_	_
17	fold	fold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
18	shut	shut	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | a small computer |  |  |  |  | with a screen and keyboard | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **join** | participle |  | a screen and keyboard *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **fold** | present | that |  |  |  |  | shut *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We used laptops in class to research volcanoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x1:1
# text = We used laptops in class to research volcanoes.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	laptops	laptop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | We | laptops |  | class |  | to research volcanoes | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laptop=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Close the laptop before you carry it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x2:1
# text = Close the laptop before you carry it.
1	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | imperative | you *not said here* | the laptop |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laptop=Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | present | you | laptop |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your drink away from the laptop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x3:1
# text = Keep your drink away from the laptop.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | your drink |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My laptop battery is low; I need to charge it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x4:1
# text = My laptop battery is low; I need to charge it.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	charge	charge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My laptop battery |  |  |  |  | low *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **charge** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | battery |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location it=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad works on his laptop at the kitchen table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x5:1
# text = Dad works on his laptop at the kitchen table.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  | at the kitchen table; on Dad's laptop | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme PP.beneficary»: agent=Agent on laptop=Theme at table=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each table shared one laptop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x6:1
# text = Each table shared one laptop.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | each table | one laptop |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't leave a laptop on your bed or lap for long — it gets hot.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x7:1
# text = Don't leave a laptop on your bed or lap for long — it gets hot.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
16	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **leave** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a laptop |  | your bed or lap |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent laptop=Theme on bed=Location |
| 2 | **get** | present | laptop |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Log out of the school laptop when you finish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:laptop:x8:1
# text = Log out of the school laptop when you finish.
1	Log	log	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	finish	finish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **log out** | imperative | you *not said here* | the school laptop |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laptop=Location |
| 2 | **finish** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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