---
title: lash — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lash» in the school dictionary: An eyelash: one of the small hairs growing on the edge of your eyelid. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lash

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small hairs, Rain, eyelash, sailors, Waves, he · **What happens:** grow, hit, lash, tie, attack, shout · **To what, where:** edge, windows, things, someone, cheek, boxes

<!-- .vabout -->
«lash» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lash in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lash.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An eyelash: one of the small hairs growing on the edge of your eyelid.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:m1:1
# text = An eyelash: one of the small hairs growing on the edge of your eyelid.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eyelash	eyelash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	eyelid	eyelid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund | the small hairs *not said here* |  |  | the edge of your eyelid |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on edge=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hit with a whip, or the thin part of a whip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:m2:1
# text = A hit with a whip, or the thin part of a whip.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hit	hit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hit hard and repeatedly, like rain or waves: «Rain lashed the windows».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:m3:1
# text = To hit hard and repeatedly, like rain or waves: «Rain lashed the windows».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | like rain or waves; hard *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lash** *in a quote* | past | Rain | the windows |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tie things tightly with rope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:m4:1
# text = To tie things tightly with rope.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tie	tie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | to-infinitive |  | things |  |  |  | with rope; tightly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent thing=Patient with rope=Co-Patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: lash out — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To suddenly attack or shout at someone in anger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:m5:1
# text = To suddenly attack or shout at someone in anger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	shout	shout	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | infinitive |  |  |  | someone |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An eyelash fell onto my cheek.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:x1:1
# text = An eyelash fell onto my cheek.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eyelash	eyelash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	cheek	cheek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | a eyelash |  |  | my cheek |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme onto cheek=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain lashed against the window all night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:x2:1
# text = Rain lashed against the window all night.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lash** | past | Rain |  |  |  | night | against the window | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailors lashed the boxes to the deck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:x3:1
# text = The sailors lashed the boxes to the deck.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	deck	deck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lash** | past | the sailors | the boxes |  |  |  | to the deck | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent box=Patient to deck=Co-Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Waves lashed the rocks during the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:x4:1
# text = Waves lashed the rocks during the storm.
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lash** | past | Waves | the rocks |  |  | during the storm |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he was upset, he lashed out at his friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:x5:1
# text = When he was upset, he lashed out at his friends.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lash out** | past | he |  |  |  |  | at his friends | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at friend=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse's tail lashed from side to side.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:x6:1
# text = The horse's tail lashed from side to side.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lash** | past | the horse's tail |  |  |  |  | to side; to side | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to side=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long lashes protect a camel's eyes from sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lash:x7:1
# text = Long lashes protect a camel's eyes from sand.
1	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	lashes	lash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	camel	camel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | Long lashes | a camel's eyes |  |  |  | from sand | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary from sand=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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