---
title: late — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «late» in the school dictionary: Late means after the right, usual or planned time: «You are late for school». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# late

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** You, Late, we, train, I, It · **What happens:** mean, plan, be, have, die, hurry up · **To what, where:** end, late grandmother, fireworks, answer, form, latest · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«late» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [late in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/late.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Late means after the right, usual or planned time: «You are late for school».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:m1:1
# text = Late means after the right, usual or planned time: «You are late for school».
1	Late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | after the right | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **plan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | You |  |  |  |  | for school; late *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Late means near the end of a period of time: late at night, late in summer.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:m2:1
# text = Late means near the end of a period of time: late at night, late in summer.
1	Late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Late |  |  |  | near the end of a period of time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Late can mean having died: «her late grandmother» (polite).

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:m3:1
# text = Late can mean having died: «her late grandmother» (polite).
1	Late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	nsubj	_	_
5	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **die** | past |  | her late grandmother |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurry up or we will be late!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x1:1
# text = Hurry up or we will be late!
1	Hurry	hurry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurry up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | future | we |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train was ten minutes late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x2:1
# text = The train was ten minutes late.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the train |  |  |  | minute | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I stayed up late to see the fireworks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x3:1
# text = I stayed up late to see the fireworks.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay up** | past | I |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | the fireworks |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer firework=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is too late to change your answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x4:1
# text = It is too late to change your answer.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | your answer |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Patient |
| 3 | **answer** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Better late than never.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x5:1
# text = Better late than never.
1	Better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	than	than	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bring your form back by Friday at the latest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x6:1
# text = Bring your form back by Friday at the latest.
1	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring back** | imperative | you *not said here* | your form |  | the latest | friday |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent form=Theme |
| 2 | **form** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We arrived late in the afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x7:1
# text = We arrived late in the afternoon.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | We |  |  |  | afternoon | late *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her late grandfather was a fisherman.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x8:1
# text = Her late grandfather was a fisherman.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Her late grandfather | a fisherman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was growing late in the autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:late:x9:1
# text = It was growing late in the autumn.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past · progressive | It |  |  |  | autumn | late *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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