---
title: lately — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lately» in the school dictionary: Recently; in the time just before now. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lately

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, you, It, little brother, bus, Prices · **What happens:** be, see, read, have, go up, start · **To what, where:** Sam, lots, lot, bed, weather

<!-- .vabout -->
«lately» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lately in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lately.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Recently; in the time just before now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:m1:1
# text = Recently; in the time just before now.
1	Recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	before	before	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have been tired lately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:m1e:1
# text = I have been tired lately.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | lately, tired *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not long ago; formerly: lately of London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:m2:1
# text = Not long ago; formerly: lately of London.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Have you seen Sam lately?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x1:1
# text = Have you seen Sam lately?
1	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · perfect | you | Sam |  |  |  | lately *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sam=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has been really rainy lately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x2:1
# text = It has been really rainy lately.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | It |  |  |  |  | lately, rainy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lately I have been reading lots of mystery books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x3:1
# text = Lately I have been reading lots of mystery books.
1	Lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux	_	_
5	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	mystery	mystery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · perfect · progressive | I | lots of mystery books |  |  |  | lately *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother has been grumpy lately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x4:1
# text = My little brother has been grumpy lately.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	grumpy	grumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · perfect | My little brother |  |  |  |  | grumpy, lately *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What have you been up to lately?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x5:1
# text = What have you been up to lately?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	obj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | lately *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus has been late a lot lately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x6:1
# text = The bus has been late a lot lately.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | the bus | a lot |  |  |  | late, lately *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prices have gone up lately.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x7:1
# text = Prices have gone up lately.
1	Prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present · perfect | Prices |  |  |  |  | lately *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just lately, the cat has started sleeping on my bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x8:1
# text = Just lately, the cat has started sleeping on my bed.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	started	start	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	xcomp	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present · perfect | the cat |  |  |  |  | lately *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **sleep** | gerund | the cat *not said here* |  |  | my bed |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the way, what sort of weather have you been having lately?"

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lately:x9:1
# text = By the way, what sort of weather have you been having lately?"
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	what	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
6	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux	_	_
12	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	lately	lately	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · perfect · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | by the way; lately *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sort** |  |  | weather |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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