---
title: later — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «later» in the school dictionary: Later means after some time, not now: «I will do it later.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# later

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, something, tank, she, He, time · **What happens:** mean, do, happen, be, come, give away · **To what, where:** it, time, 4 pencils, you, bus stop, famous scientist · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«later» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [later in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/later.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Later means after some time, not now: «I will do it later.».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:m1:1
# text = Later means after some time, not now: «I will do it later.».
1	Later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | now; time | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *in a quote* | future | I | it |  |  |  | late *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Later also means after the time something else happened: «Two hours later, the tank was full.».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:m2:1
# text = Later also means after the time something else happened: «Two hours later, the tank was full.».
1	Later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	else	else	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | time | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | past | something | the time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | past | the tank |  |  |  |  | full, late *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, later means coming after another one: a later bus, a later chapter.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:m3:1
# text = As an adjective, later means coming after another one: a later bus, a later chapter.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	18	amod	_	_
18	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a adjective; late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  | after another one |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two hours later, the tank was full.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x1:1
# text = Two hours later, the tank was full.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the tank |  |  |  |  | full, late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Later she gave away 4 pencils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x2:1
# text = Later she gave away 4 pencils.
1	Later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give away** | past | she | 4 pencils |  |  |  | away, late *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He came back 20 minutes later.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x3:1
# text = He came back 20 minutes later.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come back** | past | He |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What time is it 3 hours later?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x4:1
# text = What time is it 3 hours later?
1	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | what time | it |  |  |  | late *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'll tidy my room later, Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x5:1
# text = I'll tidy my room later, Mum.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:outer	_	_
6	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tidy** | future | I |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
See you later at the bus stop!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x6:1
# text = See you later at the bus stop!
1	See	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	1	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | imperative | you *not said here* | you |  | the bus stop |  | late *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sooner or later the rain will stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x7:1
# text = Sooner or later the rain will stop.
1	Sooner	soon	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	1	conj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | future | the rain |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Years later, the boy became a famous scientist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x8:1
# text = Years later, the boy became a famous scientist.
1	Years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the boy | a famous scientist |  |  |  | late *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We took a later train because the first one was full.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x9:1
# text = We took a later train because the first one was full.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | We | a later train |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent train=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the first one |  |  |  |  | full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Perhaps I may tell you later.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:later:x10:1
# text = Perhaps I may tell you later.
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | may | I |  | you |  |  | late, perhaps *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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