---
title: latest — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «latest» in the school dictionary: Latest means the newest or most recent (the latest news, the latest game). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# latest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, latest, This, He, app · **What happens:** mean, arrive, be, not mean, hear, want · **To what, where:** latest noon, recent news, latest news, latest book, series, latest

<!-- .vabout -->
«latest» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [latest in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/latest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Latest means the newest or most recent (the latest news, the latest game).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:m1:1
# text = Latest means the newest or most recent (the latest news, the latest game).
1	Latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	newest	new	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	15	amod	_	_
15	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Latest means after all the others in time (the latest you can arrive is noon).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:m2:1
# text = Latest means after all the others in time (the latest you can arrive is noon).
1	Latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	16	amod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	arrive	arrive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  | after all others in time |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **arrive** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | latest noon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the latest means not later than that time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:m3:1
# text = At the latest means not later than that time.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
6	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present | the latest |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The latest is the most recent news or fashion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:m4:1
# text = The latest is the most recent news or fashion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the latest | the recent news or fashion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Have you heard the latest news?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x1:1
# text = Have you heard the latest news?
1	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present | you | the latest news |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer news=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is the latest book in the series.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x2:1
# text = This is the latest book in the series.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | the latest book |  | the series |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be home by six o'clock at the latest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x3:1
# text = Be home by six o'clock at the latest.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
2	home	home	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the latest |  | by six o'clock | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He always wants the latest phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x4:1
# text = He always wants the latest phone.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | He | the latest phone |  |  |  | always *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot phone=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The latest you can arrive is half past eight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x5:1
# text = The latest you can arrive is half past eight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	advmod	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	arrive	arrive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	half	half	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	9	amod	_	_
8	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | half past eight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The app needs the latest update to work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x6:1
# text = The app needs the latest update to work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	update	update	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | the app | the latest update |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot update=Theme |
| 2 | **work** | to-infinitive | the app *not said here* | the latest update *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who arrived latest to the party?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x7:1
# text = Who arrived latest to the party?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past |  | latest |  |  |  | to the party | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This was the latest story of a very long life record.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:latest:x8:1
# text = This was the latest story of a very long life record.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | This | the latest story |  |  |  | of a long life record | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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