---
title: lava — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lava» in the school dictionary: Lava is hot, melted rock that flows out of a volcano. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lava

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lava, melted rock, We, floor, lava lamp, lava flow · **What happens:** be, melt, flow out, cool, harden, pour down · **To what, where:** volcano, side, 1,000 degrees, hard rock, islands, sofas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«lava» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lava in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lava.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lava is hot, melted rock that flows out of a volcano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:m1:1
# text = Lava is hot, melted rock that flows out of a volcano.
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lava |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **flow out** | present | melted rock | a volcano |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location volcano=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lava is also the rock formed when this melted rock cools and hardens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:m2:1
# text = Lava is also the rock formed when this melted rock cools and hardens.
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	hardens	harden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lava |  |  |  |  | form *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cool** | present | this melted rock |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **harden** | present | this melted rock *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lava poured down the side of the volcano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x1:1
# text = Lava poured down the side of the volcano.
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour down** | participle | Lava *not said here* | the side of the volcano |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lava can be over 1,000 degrees Celsius.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x2:1
# text = Lava can be over 1,000 degrees Celsius.
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	1,000	1000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Lava | 1,000 degrees |  |  |  | Celsius *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When lava cools it becomes hard rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x3:1
# text = When lava cools it becomes hard rock.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | present | lava |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **become** | present | lava | hard rock |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The islands of Hawaii were made by lava.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x4:1
# text = The islands of Hawaii were made by lava.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive | lava | the islands of Hawaii |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We played «the floor is lava» on the sofas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x5:1
# text = We played «the floor is lava» on the sofas.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sofas	sofa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | We |  |  | the sofas |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the floor | lava |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lava lamp has slow blobs of coloured wax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x6:1
# text = A lava lamp has slow blobs of coloured wax.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	blobs	blob	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	wax	wax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a lava lamp | slow blobs of coloured wax |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blob=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lava flow destroyed the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x7:1
# text = The lava flow destroyed the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | the lava flow | the road |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Does the crater of the volcano know that the glowing lava is pouring from it?

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lava:x8:1
# text = Does the crater of the volcano know that the glowing lava is pouring from it?
1	Does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	pouring	pour	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · do-support | the crater of the volcano |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pour** | present · progressive | the glowing lava |  |  | crater |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from it=Source |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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