---
title: lawmaker — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «lawmaker» in the school dictionary: A lawmaker is a person who helps make laws, such as a member of a parliament or congress. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# lawmaker

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lawmaker, person, Lawmakers, People, We, senator · **What happens:** be, help, make, vote, choose, write · **To what, where:** person, laws, lawmakers, elections, letters, local lawmaker

<!-- .vabout -->
«lawmaker» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [lawmaker in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/lawmaker.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lawmaker is a person who helps make laws, such as a member of a parliament or congress.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lawmaker:m1:1
# text = A lawmaker is a person who helps make laws, such as a member of a parliament or congress.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lawmaker	lawmaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
9	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	parliament	parliament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	congress	congress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lawmaker | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive | a person *not said here* | laws |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset law=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lawmakers voted for a new road safety law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lawmaker:x1:1
# text = Lawmakers voted for a new road safety law.
1	Lawmakers	lawmaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | past | Lawmakers |  |  |  |  | for a new safety law *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for law=Goal |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People choose their lawmakers in elections.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lawmaker:x2:1
# text = People choose their lawmakers in elections.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	choose	choose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	lawmakers	lawmaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | present | People | People's lawmakers |  | elections |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lawmaker=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote letters to our local lawmaker about the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lawmaker:x3:1
# text = We wrote letters to our local lawmaker about the park.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lawmaker	lawmaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | letters | our local lawmaker about the park |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to lawmaker=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lawmakers argued about the new rules for many hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lawmaker:x4:1
# text = Lawmakers argued about the new rules for many hours.
1	Lawmakers	lawmaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	argued	argue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | past | Lawmakers |  |  |  | hour | about the new rules | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about rule=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A senator is a lawmaker in the United States.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lawmaker:x5:1
# text = A senator is a lawmaker in the United States.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	senator	senator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lawmaker	lawmaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a senator | a lawmaker |  | the United States |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lawmakers must listen to the people they represent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:lawmaker:x6:1
# text = Lawmakers must listen to the people they represent.
1	Lawmakers	lawmaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	represent	represent	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | must | Lawmakers |  |  |  |  | to the people | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to people=Theme |
| 2 | **represent** | present | Lawmakers *= lawmaker* | the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot people=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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